單親母親參與親子遊戲治療團體對其親子關係改變之研究

Changes in the Parent-Child Relationships of Single Mothers Using Filial Therapy Groups

本研究目的在瞭解單親母親參與親子遊戲治療團體對其親子關係之改變。研究採用質性研究中的半結構深度訪談收集資料及主題分析法分析資料，研究以臺南的五名單親母親為研究參與者，採用Landreth和Bratton（2006）的親子遊戲治療十週模式。研究結果有「覺察―動搖固有教養觀點」、「行動―著手經營親子關係」和「改變―品嚐親子之間的美好果實」。單親母親覺察原有教養對子女會造成負面影響，透過傾聽、觀察和思考，以瞭解其內在世界，接納且正向的態度相待，並重新定義母親角色、省思親子關係的重要性。另外，單親母親減少對子女做決定或情緒處理的干涉，以尊重、信任的方式相待。當子女陷入負面情緒時，先簡短同理，讓子女獨自處理情緒，有效減少親子間情緒干擾。還有，單親母親溝通態度更平等、尊重，以回應性傾聽來瞭解及反映子女想法與情緒。最後，單親母親願意花更多時間陪伴、融入子女；親子間親密感提升、距離拉近，正向感受增加，衝突事件減少。

We explored the changes in the parent-child relationships of single mothers using filial therapy groups. In this qualitative research, we used a semistructured interview to collect data, and employed thematic analysis to analyse data to determine the result. Five single mothers from Tainan, Taiwan, were trained using the Landreth and Bratton (2006) 10-week filial therapy, and the child-parent relationship therapy (CPRT) models. The study findings included “awareness-changing of the original parenting attitude,” “action-managing the filial relationship,” and “change-tasting the fruit of the filial relationship.” After training, single mothers were aware of negative influences on their children derived from original parenting skills. They listened to and observed the child, and introspected to understand their child's world. They treated their children with positive attitudes and acceptance and redefined their role as mothers capable of self-examination. Single mothers reduced the degree and frequency of interruption when children were making decisions or handling their emotions by treating the children with respect and trust. When the children experienced negative emotions, the mothers empathised with the children and let them manage their emotions independently. Single mothers also learned to communicate with their children respectfully to understand them and to reflect their thoughts and moods by practicing reflective listening. Finally, single mothers were willing to spend more time with their children and to join with them. The intimacy between them improved, and they grew closer to each other.