廚房裡的親子互動分析

Parent-Child Interaction during the Family Cooking Process

本研究旨在分析親子間的共廚行為，並探討親子共廚親職方案的可行性。本研究係以實驗室觀察法進行，研究對象為子女是國小1 ~ 6年級之親子對偶7對，其中包含父子、父女、母子、母女等配對，並將之再區分為一般父母組與諮商背景組，希冀透過二組父母的參照、比對，深化對共廚過程之親子互動的理解。研究工具包含家庭情境實驗室及錄音（影）設備。資料分析後，本研究發現親子對偶在共廚過程中，展現出3種包含顯性與隱性行為的互動模式：成人中心、準兒童中心、兒童中心等，且每一模式均包含顯性與隱性行為二部份。第一種互動模式主要呈現「親方主廚」，由親方掌控的局面，其隱性行為則為「親暗中掌握」。第二種互動模式則是「親方任二廚」的樣態，親方會部分授權，由子方作主，其隱性行為則為「親自我抑制」。至於兒童中心模式則由「子方主廚」，其隱性行為為「親以子女為關注點」。最後，本研究所提之「親子共廚親職方案」似乎具有可行性，其依據為：一、親子雙方對共廚均表現出極大興趣與意願；二、諮商背景父母與其子女的共廚互動，確實十分不同於一般親子，他們比較能採取「兒童中心」的互動模式，足見，透過教育確能協助父母學習有效的親子互動模式。

We explored the parent-child joint-cooking process and adopted the lab observation method, in which we selected 7 pairs of parent-child combinations for the study. We further divided the participants into a general parent group and a counselling background group to compare and contrast their differences to elucidate parent-child interaction during the joint-cooking process. The research tools used included a family scenario lab and audio-video equipment. After obtaining the research data, the analysis was primarily based on the principle of consensual qualitative analysis. A series of analyses disclosed a deeper comprehension of parent-child interaction behaviour through their joint-cooking process and identified parental behaviour as exerting positive parenthood effects. Using data analysis, this study observed 3 interaction patterns in parent-child cooking sessions, namely adult-centric, semi-child-centric, and child-centric. Each pattern consisted of explicit and implicit behaviours. The first pattern primarily demonstrated “parent-dominated cooking,” with the implicit behaviour of “parents secretly trying to exert control;” in the second interaction pattern, parents entrusted their children with the tasks of both cooks whilst partially authorising them to make decisions; the implicit behaviour in this case was “the self-inhibition of parents.” Children dominated cooking in the child-centric pattern, with the implicit behaviour of “parents focused on the children.” Based on the findings, we provide implications for parenting education within the local culture.