注意力缺失過動症(ADHD)兒童的運動治療效益與建議

Benefits and Suggestions of Exercise Therapy for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

近期研究發現，運動對於注意力缺失過動症（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD）兒童的認知、情緒和行為有正向影響，無論單次運動或是長期運動皆有效益，有助於提升注意力、空間記憶、學習效能、情緒調節和部分認知功能，進而改善人際互動關係和增加自信心。ADHD兒童的運動處方建議，包含知覺協調運動以及有氧代謝運動，知覺協調運動可促進神經突觸連接和神經可塑性，有氧運動可以誘發神經傳遞物質濃度調節，和增加腦部血氧流量。有氧代謝運動可採用長時間中強度運動負荷，或是短時間高強度間歇運動訓練模式。初步研究支持，盡早給予ADHD兒童系統性與計畫性的運動介入，可能降低注意力缺失、過動／衝動症狀和人際互動問題，並且運動治療可以搭配在ADHD療育計畫，做為輔助治療之一。

Recent studies showed that exercise positively affects the cognition, emotion and behavior of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Regular exercise improves concentration, spatial memory, learning performance, emotion regulation, and cognitive functions, thus effectively improving interpersonal relationships and increasing self-confidence. The recommended exercise prescription for children with ADHD includes sensory coordination exercise and aerobic exercise. Sensory motor exercise can promote synaptic connection and neuroplasticity. Aerobic exercise can regulate neurotransmitter concentration and increase the blood oxygen flow in the brain. Aerobic exercise can adopt long-term moderate-intensity exercise or short-term high-intensity interval training mode. Preliminary studies support that systematic and planned exercise intervention for children with ADHD as early as possible may reduce attention deficit, hyperactivity/impulsive symptoms and interpersonal interaction problems. Exercise therapy can be used as one of the adjuvant treatments in the ADHD treatment plan.