以獨輪車運動成功治療妥瑞症

Unicycle Exercise in the Successful Management of Tourette Disorder

抽動在兒童時期很常見，是診斷妥瑞症的必要條件，但非妥瑞症獨有，首要排除會要命的類妥瑞症，如：Wilson氏病、基底核生殖細胞腦瘤、第1型糖尿病、多發性硬化症、藥物、外傷等等。處理抽動以外的過動、強迫、情緒、協調、形象等共病問題，往往比處理抽動有效而一樣重要。抽動的原因和機制一直不明，目前尚無非常有效的藥物治療，常常需要仰賴非藥物的行為和運動治療，各種運動都可以有效，但時間和強度的需求個人差異很大。最推薦獨輪車，因為省時且可以一邊讀書，非其他運動可及；台灣的升學壓力還是很大。正向轉變生活態度和積極規劃未來是可以很有助益的對策。

Tics are common in children, and also the hallmark symptoms in diagnosing Tourette or tic disorders (TD). Tics may seldom present in other fetal diseases such as Wilson disease, basal ganglia germ cell brain tumor, type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, etc. In children with TD, many comorbid problems, such as attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, emotional, sleep and coordination disorders must be treated simultaneously. Because the pathogenesis of tics is still unknown, no drugs were developed specifically for treating tics. Pharmacological treatment for tics are difficult for curing tics efficiently. Non-pharmacological management may try behavior therapy, as habit reversal training. Yet, young children may not cooperate in behavior therapy. Sports and physical activity are tried in the recent years. Perhaps, enforcing the cerebellar function may improve the tics due to cerebral disinhibition. Any kind of sports may be efficient. However, the intensity and quantity are very individualized. Unicycle riding is the first choice in my experience. Changing life styles for children with Tourette syndrome is important too.