國際運動外交模式與臺灣研究趨勢

International sports diplomacy model and Taiwan academic trends

二十世紀末以來，隨著運動外交概念的發展而產生的政治與運動之間新聯繫的量能，使運動外交成為國際學界深思的具體話題。本文旨趣在於圖像概念化這些運動外交國際研究成果中的重要觀點、關鍵資源、技轉策略與預期結果，以作為臺灣運動外交研究的參照。因此解析的國際文獻聚焦在運動的軟實力表現與運動外交模式，以及臺灣相關此主題的文獻。結果揭示：冷戰以來各國將運動作為軟實力工具的外交行動策略的觀點與案例，說明運動在充足條件下的外交價值；而此價值來自重要運動資源和關鍵技轉策略的界定與運用。顯然，運動置於轉移衝突的作用，在條件充足下，有助於和平談判、體育知識技轉，以及異文化的理解、流動與發展。文末借鏡國際運動外交文獻的評述對照臺灣的研究走向且提出建議，希冀臺灣經驗的多元運動外交史脈絡能夠寫進全球視域裡。

The number of new connections between politics and sports emerging with the development of the sports diplomacy concept at the end of the 20th century makes sports diplomacy a special topic for academic study. This article aims to conceptualize the important viewpoints, key resources, technology transfer strategies, and expected outcomes discussed in the international literature on sports diplomacy as a reference for Taiwan’s sports diplomacy research. The international literature analyzed, as well as Taiwan’s output on this topic, focuses on the exercise of soft power in sports and the sports diplomacy model. The results reveal the viewpoints and diplomatic strategies of countries that have used sports as a tool of soft power since the Cold War, which illustrate the diplomatic value of sports under sufficient conditions. This value derives from the definition and application of important sports resources and key technology transfer strategies. Clearly, under sufficient conditions, sports play a role in deflecting conflicts, which is conducive to peace negotiations, sports knowledge transfer, and the understanding and development of different cultures. Finally, the article compares Taiwan’s research trend in sports diplomacy with the internationl research trend and puts forward suggestions with a view to facilitating the context of Taiwan’s multi-sport diplomatic history being written into the global perspective.