本體感覺與動作能力間之互惠性

The reciprocal relationship between proprioception and motor function

體感覺系統對於執行精準且協調的動作至關重要。本體感覺為體感覺之子系統之一，指的是人體對於肢體動作與位置的覺知能力，並對於動作控制、動作學習與動作發展上扮演者不可或缺的角色。有鑑於本體感覺與動作能力兩者共存互惠之特性，本文從神經動作科學角度探討本體感覺與動作能力間兩者之關聯性。內文第一部分從本體感覺出發，探討其定義、測量與評估方式、及其與動作控制、動作發展之關聯性。第二部分則探討一般典型發展兒童與非典型發展（如：發展協調障礙）兒童之不同面向動作能力之相關研究。第三部分將針對動作學習對於本體感覺帶來之正向效益、其神經可塑性之可能路徑、及不同運動/動作訓練（如：舞蹈、瑜珈等）對於本體感覺與動作能力之相關研究進行統整與討論。最後內文將針對未來研究方向與趨勢提出建議。本文從神經感覺動作控制角度探討本體感覺與動作能力之關係，盼能作為相關領域之研究、教育、臨床人員對於本體感覺與動作功能之研究指引與訓練參考依據。

The somatosensory system is known to play an important role in the performance of precise and coordinated fine and gross movements. Proprioception, a submodality of the somatosensory system, is the awareness of body and limb position and movement. Proprioception is strongly linked to human motor control, motor learning, and motor development. In light of the reciprocity between proprioception and motor functions, this paper discusses their relationships from a neural motor control perspective. We first introduce the terms proprioception and kinesthesia, along with their definitions, evaluations (e.g., active versus passive position and motion sense methods), and outcome measurements (e.g., proprioceptive sensitivity versus acuity) commonly used in the literature. We also refer to a theoretical framework (i.e., an internal model) that delineates the importance of proprioception for human motor control. We then review the available studies on the developmental course of proprioception and its relation to different domains of motor skills in typically and atypically developing children (i.e., those with developmental coordination disorder). Furthermore, we provide empirical evidence on how motor learning could affect the proprioceptive and motor systems and what types of active proprioceptive motor training (i.e., dance and yoga) could significantly enhance proprioception and movements of the body and limbs. The possible neural pathways that account for the relationship between somatosensory and motor systems are also discussed. Finally, future directions in assessment, methodology, and training/intervention related to proprioceptive and motor systems are considered. This review paper synthesizing the available empirical evidence on somatosensory plasticity and motor functions may be applicable to assessments and interventions in research, clinical, and educational settings.