從「誡淫」到「痴情」：論《紅樓夢》第十二回的翻譯詮釋及於島崎藤村與北村透谷的創作影響

From“Admonition”to“Infatuation”: A Study on Japanese Translation of Twelfth Chapter of Dream of the Red Chamber and the Acceptance on Shimazaki Toson and Kitamura Tokoku’s Novel

《紅樓夢》第十二回「王熙鳳毒設相思局賈天祥正照風月鑑」的寫作主題，從小說寫作內容、與脂硯齋批語可知，此回是以賈瑞之死，表達「誡淫」之旨。此回內容，日本小說家島崎藤村（1872-1943）曾節選後半段賈瑞受辱而患相思病、卻因正照風月寶鑑而亡故一段進行翻譯，題為〈紅樓夢の一節：風月寶鑑の辭〉，於明治廿五年（1892）發表於《女學雜誌》。
島崎藤村的譯文前附一段引言，稱賈瑞是因「痴情」而死，且其譯文在原作的基礎上，另增補兩段文字，使原作的「誡淫」之旨轉化為「痴情」，可知島崎藤村乃是藉翻譯重新詮釋《紅樓夢》。此種詮釋方式，與島崎藤村的情愛經歷相關，且亦體現於其小說創作中。此外，該譯文轉化後的主題亦為同是《女學雜誌》作家群之一的北村透谷（1868-1894）所接受，並撰成小說《宿魂鏡》。
因此，本文從〈紅樓夢の一節：風月寶鑑の辭〉的《紅樓夢》第十二回的主題轉化，考察島崎藤村的情愛觀對其翻譯的影響，進而分析島崎藤村與北村透谷的小說創作主題，了解二人對《紅樓夢》第十二回主題的理解與接受情形，以及《紅樓夢》第十二回何以在日本有重新詮釋的空間。

The writing theme of“admonition”on the twelfth chapter of Dream of Red Chamber can be seen from the content of the novel and Zhi Yanzhai's comments. The Japanese novelist Shimazaki Toson (1872-1943) was translated this chapter about Jia Rui’s humiliation, lovesickness, and died because he was looking at Fengyue Baojian for translation. This Translation was published in the“Jogaku Zasshi”in the 25th year of Meiji (1892).
Shimazaki Toson’s translation is preceded by an introduction, saying that Jia Rui died of“infatuation”, and his translation is based on the original work, adding two paragraphs of text, so that the purpose of the original work’s“admonition”is transformed into“infatuation”. It can be seen that Shimazaki Toson reinterpreted Dream of Red Chamber through translation. This way of interpretation is related to Shimazaki Toson’s love experience, and it is also reflected in his novel creation. In addition, the transformed theme of this translation was also accepted by Kitamura Tokoku (1868-1894), who was also one of the writers of the“Jogaku Zasshi”, and wrote the novel Shukukonkyo.
Therefore, this article transforms the theme of the twelfth chapter of Dream of the Red Chamber in“Koromu no Issetsu: Fugetsu Houkan no Shi”, and investigates the influence of Shimazaki Toson’s view of love on its translation, and then analyzes the themes of Shimazaki Toson and Kitamura Tokoku’s novels , to understand the two people's understanding and acceptance of the theme of this chapter, and why there is room for reinterpretation of the twelfth chapter of“Dream of the Red Chamber”in Japan.