中文摘要 |
日本的安全保障政策,有其嚴峻的政治對立結構的發展背景,並以長期缺乏變化,僅遵循前例的僵直性為特徵。然而近年來,其僵直性逐漸瓦解,開始展現靈活性。2022年底,岸田內閣發表大幅修正政策內容的決議,正是基於此變化脈絡而有的新定位。 本文指出日本安全保障政策的僵直性逐步瓦解,展現靈活性的論述,主要是根據「防衛計畫大綱」對於防衛預算的制約,以及與防衛能力相關的思維轉變為佐證,並確認該因素如何影響到防衛預算變化,進而探究轉變發生的關鍵要素。 本文主張,安全保障政策趨於靈活的轉變,無法單從政治面對立結構的改變充分說明,必須提出其他要素加以說明。 而該要素,正是受到政權更迭的影響所致。本文提出的假設是,有別於各政治勢力所屬的黨派特性或政策偏好,政權更迭本身對於安全保障政策的轉變,即可能具備一定程度影響力。 Based on severe political rivalry, Japan’s security policy has long been characterized by rigidity, in which there has been little change. However, this rigidity has gradually eroded and flexibility has emerged in recent years. This can be observed through the major policy changes that were made by the Kishida cabinet at the end of 2022. This paper traces the changes in the easing of rigidity and the emergence of flexibility in Japan’s security policy mainly with changes of the constraints on defense spendings and concepts concerning defense capabilities, as appear in the National Defense Program Guidelines. The impact of these changes can be verified by focusing on the actual defense spending, and the factors that explain these changes are explored. The results show that flexibility in security policies cannot be fully explained by changes in the structure of political opposition. The auther proposes using the change of government as an important factor. In other words, apart from the partisanship and policy preferences of each political groups, this paper hypothesizes that the change of government itself may have an inherent impact on changes in security policy. |