中文摘要 |
二次大戰終結後,日本對外政策的重點長期聚焦於確保國家的復甦與發展之上。由於能源供給是社會穩定及經濟發展不可或缺的要素,故日本的對外政策必須高度考量能源安全因素。另一方面,日本戰後高度依賴美國提供的外交、軍事安全保障,亦使美日關係對日本的對外政策帶來深遠影響。回顧戰後歷史,日本的能源安長期受惠於美國所建立的國際政治秩序。然而,隨著國際形勢變化,能源安全概念的內涵已由供需問題擴及國際政治、氣候變遷、南北問題等領域。由於美日兩國對上述問題的立場及利益不必然相同,而日本亦必須設法維持美日關係之穩定,進而使日本的對外政策頻頻面臨巨大挑戰。在上述背景下,能源安全與美日關係在日本的對外政策中如何交互影響,以及兩者的矛盾關係以何種形式得到緩解,殊值吾人關注。 Since the end of World War II, the focus of Japan’s foreign policy has long been on ensuring the country’s reconstruction and development. Since energy supply is an indispensable element of social stability and economic development, Japan’s foreign policy must take energy security into account. On the other hand, Japan’s post-war reliance on the United States for diplomatic and military security has had a profound impact on Japan’s foreign policy. Looking back at the postwar history, Japan’s energy security has long benefited from the international political order established by the United States. However, as the international situation has changed, the concept of energy security has expanded from supply and demand issues to include international politics, climate change, and North-South issues. Since the U.S. and Japan do not necessarily share the same stance and interests on these issues, and Japan must try to maintain the stability of the U.S.-Japan relationship, Japan’s foreign policy has been frequently faced with great challenges. Against the above background, it is worthwhile to ruminate on how energy security and U.S.-Japan relations interact in Japan’s foreign policy, and in what way the contradictory relationship between them can be mitigated. |