國際投資仲裁中的“法庭之友”資格認定——基於法益衡量視角

The Identification of Amicus Curiae in International Investment Arbitration：The Measure of Legal Interests as a Perspective

“法庭之友”資格認定問題是“法庭之友”參與裁判實踐最核心的一環。法益衡量理論為國際投資仲裁中的“法庭之友”資格認定提供了根本性的解釋框架。在維護公共利益的基本共識下，國際投資法通過立法技術設計為“法庭之友”預設了“公益保護不得侵害合法私益”的評價尺度。通過對ICSID中“法庭之友”資格認定考量因素的類型化分析可以發現，儘管投資仲裁庭在不同案件中參考不同的認定因素，對同一因素的審查認定也存在著幾種不同的標準，但並非無章可循，總體而言，投資仲裁庭對“法庭之友”資格認定的態度正從寬鬆到嚴格轉變。以非投資性問題為代表的根本性問題、以“資格認定考量因素間的潛在衝突”為例的結構性難題以及費用負擔這一新問題，潛在且深刻地影響著“法庭之友”資格的認定。在比例原則與裁判結果取向方法的指導下，對非投資性問題的寬進與嚴出，對獨立性的披露與重大利益的明確界定，以及對費用負擔問題的認定，是化解其資格認定難題、實現法益保護的可行之策。

The identification of Amicus Curiae is the core of participation rules and adjudication practice. The theory of“measure of legal interests”provides a fundamental interpretation framework for Amicus Curiae qualification in international investment arbitration. Under the basic consensus of safeguarding“public interest”, the international investment law presets the evaluation criterion of“public interest protection shall not infringe on legitimate private interests”through legislative technical design. Through the typing analysis of the elements in ICSID, it is found that although the investment tribunal applied different elements in different cases, there are several different standards for the review and identification of the same elements, but it is not without rules to follow. The attitude of investment tribunals is changing from lenient to strict. The fundamental problems represented by non-investment and the structural problems exemplified by“the potential conflicts among the elements”are still potentially and profoundly affecting the determination of Amicus Curiae. In the principle of proportionality and the referee consequences, we could“wide into”and“strict out”of the non-investment problem, to disclosure independence and to explain strictly vital interest, and to prevent and classify for the burden. There are feasible methods to dissolve qualification issues and protect legal interests.