中外雙邊投資協定中投資者—東道國爭端解決機制分析

Analysis on Investor-State Dispute Settlement Mechanism in Chinese BITs

投資者—東道國爭端解決（ISDS）機制是雙邊投資條約（BIT）的核心內容，也是全球治理的一項重要制度安排，它在平衡保護投資者利益和維護東道國監管權方面發揮著關鍵作用。目前生效的106個中外BIT中，儘管ISDS機制條款不一，但普遍採取友好協商、東道國國內救濟和國際仲裁三種爭端解決方式。實踐中，大部分中外BIT中的ISDS機制條款既沒有更新也缺乏制度化調解程序，有些ISDS機制條款內容過於原則或相對模糊，並且所有中外BIT中的ISDS機制條款都缺乏上訴機制。這些都不利於中國推進《區域全面經濟夥伴關係協定》和《中歐全面投資協定》中ISDS機制的建立，不利於優化中外雙邊或多邊投資爭端解決機制。中國應綜合平衡“引進來”與“走出去”的關係，借鑒巴西和歐盟等國家和地區對ISDS機制做出的創新性安排，在中外BIT的ISDS機制條款內導入爭端預防、制度化調解、上訴法庭三種既相互獨立又彼此銜接的機制，推進中外BIT中ISDS機制的優化和完善。

Investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism is the core content of bilateral investment treaty (BIT) and an important institutional arrangement of global governance. It plays a key role in balancing the protection of investors’interests and safeguarding the host country’s regulatory rights. Although the terms of ISDS mechanism in currently enforced 106 Chinese BITs are different, they generally adopt three ways: friendly negotiation or consultation, domestic measures of remedies in the host country and international arbitration. In practice, neither most of the ISDS clauses in Chinese BITs have been updated nor have institutionalized mediation procedures been introduced in them. Some ISDS clauses are even relatively vague, and all the ISDS clauses in Chinese BITs lack an appeal mechanism. These are not conducive to China’s promotion of the negotiation of ISDS mechanism in RCEP and CAI, nor to the optimization of the bilateral or multilateral ISDS mechanisms of China. In order to comprehensively balance the relationship between“bringing in”and“going out”strategies, China should learn from the innovative arrangements made for ISDS mechanism in the practices of EU, Brazil and other countries, and introduce three mutually independent and interconnected mechanisms, namely, dispute prevention provisions, institutionalized mediation procedure before a domestic institution of the host state prior to adjudication and appellate court system, into the ISDS mechanism in Chinese BITs, so as to accelerate the optimizing and improving process of ISDS mechanism.