區域貿易協定中的知識產權安全港條款研究——兼論中國在安全港條款國際談判中的立場與選擇

Research on Intellectual Property Rights Safe Harbor Provisions in Regional Trade Agreements：China’s Position and Choice in the International Negotiations on Safe Harbor Provisions

知識產權安全港條款日益成為區域貿易協定中的常見條款，在區域貿易協定中的章節分佈、形式與內容都呈現多樣性。安全港條款的邏輯構造通常可以拆解為適用情形、義務要求與保障機制三大要素，但其具體內容設置在國際上存在較大分歧，集中體現在對“通知—刪除”程序普適性的爭議。同時，歐盟版權授權制度的產生也對其發展帶來了挑戰。對此，中國應充當積極協調者，在未來更多的區域貿易協定中納入安全港條款；在形式上應體現差異性，針對“通知—刪除”條款的去留爭議，可根據締約國的立場靈活制定不同規則；在內容上應體現規制方式的開放性，雖然在現階段採用版權授權機制為時尚早，但可以為與科技創新緊密相關的制度創新保留一定發展空間。

Safe harbor provisions on intellectual property rights have become common in regional trade agreements, and their chapter distribution, forms and contents displayed in regional trade agreements are various. The logical structure of safe harbor provisions can be decomposed into three elements: the application condition, the obligation requirement and the safeguard mechanism. The international community has had considerable divergence on the specific contents of the safe harbor provisions, which is mainly reflected in the disputes over the universal applicability of the“notice and takedown”procedure. Meanwhile, the new EU copyright authorization system has also brought challenges. In response, China should act as a proactive mediator and incorporate safe harbor provisions into more future regional trade agreements. Differences shall be reflected in the form of the provisions, and different kinds of rules shall be formulated flexibly according to the controversy of other contracting countries’positions on the“notice and takedown”procedure. The contents shall reflect openness. Although it is still early to adopt the copyright authorization system, certain development space can be reserved for institutional innovation closely related to scientific and technological innovation.