WTO上訴機構規則解釋的內在邏輯與目標選擇

On the Internal Logic and Target Choice of WTO Appellate Body’s Rule Interpretation

WTO上訴機構的解釋實踐具有相當的複雜性甚至矛盾性。在該機構停滯並亟須改革的當下，隱藏在其規則解釋表像之下的深層法理需要被揭示，以便發現真正的問題所在並促進問題的有效解決。上訴機構規則解釋的目標在於促進WTO制度的有效性，具體包括促進爭端的有效解決、確保規則的安全性和可預測性以及政策開放性三個方面。然而，上訴機構在個案裁決中面臨目標選擇的困境，即只能從三個目標中選擇最應當實現的兩個目標，而無法同時實現三個目標。當上訴機構在個案裁決中選擇實現政策開放性、規則的安全性和可預測性兩個目標，而對成員方的管理自主權加以限制，即可能損抑促進爭端解決的目標時，其政策選擇是否符合WTO的民主合法性是其規則解釋的真正問題所在。

The interpretation practice of WTO Appellate Body is quite complicated and even contradictory. At the moment when WTO Appellate Body is stagnant and in urgent need of reform, the deep jurisprudence hidden under the appearance of its rule interpretation needs to be revealed in order to find the real problems and promote the effective solution of these problems. The aim of Appellate Body’s rule interpretation is to promote the three evaluation indexes of the effectiveness of WTO as an“institution”：the effectiveness of dispute settlement, reliability and predictability of rules, and the policy openness. The Appellate Body can only choose the two goals that should be realized most among the three goals, but can not realize the three goals at the same time. When the Appellate Body chooses to achieve the two objectives of policy openness and the reliability and predictability of rules in case rulings, but restrict the regulatory autonomy of members, whether their policy choice conforms to the democratic legitimacy of WTO is the real problem of the rule interpretation.