論島嶼對海洋劃界不成比例的效果——基於國際司法判決和仲裁裁決的研究

The Disproportionate Effects of Islands on Maritime Boundary Delimitation：A Study Based on International Judicial Judgments and Arbitral Awards

島嶼是影響國家間海洋劃界的一個重要因素。國際司法判決和仲裁裁決經常因為島嶼對海洋劃界有不成比例的效果而對臨時劃界線作出重大調整。對相關判決和裁決的研究表明，島嶼對海洋劃界是否會產生不成比例的效果，很大程度上取決於島嶼的位置、待劃界海域的性質、島嶼與整體海岸地理的關係以及當事國之間的海岸關係。同時，相關實踐仍存在程序不一致和論證不足的問題。國際司法機構和仲裁庭有必要進一步澄清海洋劃界中有關島嶼效力的規則，降低島嶼對海洋劃界的不確定性。在我國大陸附近成群分佈的系列島嶼構成大陸海岸的前沿地形，可作為構建海洋分界線的依據，發揮其擴大我國海域的潛力。

Islands are important elements in international maritime delimitation. International judicial judgments and arbitral awards frequently adjust provisional delimitation line due to disproportionate effects of islands on maritime delimitation. The study on relevant judgments and awards shows that the disproportionate effects of islands mainly depend on the positions of islands, the nature of maritime areas to be delimitated, the relationship between islands and general coastal geography, and the coastal relationship. Simultaneously, some inconsistence in the delimitation process and insufficient justification appear in treatment of islands in the maritime boundary delimitation cases. It is necessary for international judicial bodies and arbitral tribunals to further clarify and justify the rules of islands in the delimitation of maritime boundary to decrease the uncertainty in the treatment of islands. The fringed islands near the coast of Chinese mainland, which form the costal front representing the mainland to meet the sea, can be base points to construct maritime delimitation line and they have the potential to extend our maritime claims.