試析多邊貿易體制下的諸邊協定

Analysis on Plurilateral Agreements under the Multilateral Trade System

條約僅對接受的締約方有效。在WTO多邊貿易體制下，相對於所有成員接受的多邊協定而言，僅對部分成員有效的諸邊協定，包括明確規定的“法律上”的諸邊協定、協商一致通過和部分成員接受的“事實上”的諸邊協定、部分成員的區域貿易安排諸邊協定、對部分成員有效但所有成員受益的“專門一類”諸邊協定。多邊貿易體制有著諸邊協定的歷史傳統。現實表明，各類諸邊協定是當下維持多邊貿易體制和推進其部分改革的優先選項。近期，多邊貿易體制下的漁業補貼、電子商務、服務貿易的國內管制等議題談判及結果都採用了諸邊協定方式。未來的多邊貿易體制改革在難以達成一攬子多邊協定的情況下也可採取諸邊協定方式。中國應更加主動積極參與多邊貿易體制的諸邊協定。

The treaties are bounding on the accepted parties only. The plurilateral agreements under the WTO multilateral trade system are only bounding on some of the WTO Members in comparison with the multilateral agreements for all Members. These plurilateral agreements include the de jure ones based on the relevant expressed provisions, the de facto ones by all of Members’consensus and excepted by some Members, RTA (regional trade agreement) ones by some Members and the sui generis ones bounding on some Members with the benefits for all of Members. The multilateral trade system has the tradition of plurilateral agreements. The reality shows that the plurilateral agreements would be priority for the WTO Members to keep the multilateral trade system working and to promote its partial reforms. The recent negotiations with some results have taken the model of plurilateral agreements on the fisheries subsidies, the e-commerce and the service domestic regulation. The future reform of the multilateral agreement may take the plurilateral agreement in the case of being unable to reach the single package of multilateral agreements. China should be more actively involved in the plurilateral agreements under the multilateral trade system.