國中教師觀點探討校長超越領導、教師組織公民行為與學生組織公民行為之關係

A Study on the Relationships Among Principals' Transcendent Leadership, Teachers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Students' Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Junior High School From Teachers' Perspective

現今校長要面臨校內外教育環境的快速變動，校長更需要超越領導的思維與行動，超越傳統學校舊有的領導觀念、價值和行為，以因應未來教育的需求與目的。然而校長超越領導的研究不論國內外仍是一大片空白，急需研究描繪其圖像。基於此，本研究目的在調查國內目前國中校長超越領導的表現狀況，以及教師組織公民行為與學生組織公民行為的現況，並以此探討校長超越領導、教師組織公民行為與學生組織公民行為之間的關係模式。本研究採用問卷調查法，研究工具包括自編的校長超越領導、教師組織公民行為、學生組織公民行為等量表，以臺灣國中教師為調查對象。最後實際回收有效問卷1,580份，採用多層次結構方程式模型進行分析。歸納結論如下：（一）目前國中校長能展現超越領導，尤以自身表率「自我領導」面向表現最好；教師也能展現良好的組織公民行為，且以展現教師應有價值觀與行為規範的「專業倫理」最佳，學生則在重視學校形象的「公民道德」表現最佳；（二）為了提升國中教師與學生的組織公民行為，校長宜先展現超越領導效能；（三）國中教師展現組織公民行為的表率有助提升學生組織公民行為的程度；（四）國中教師在校長超越領導對學生組織公民行為影響上占有關鍵地位。

Principals face rapid changes in the educational environment both inside and outside of schools. To meet the needs and goals of education, principals are required to go beyond traditional leadership thinking, actions, and behaviors. However, research on transcendent leadership among principals in Taiwan and other countries is lacking. This study investigated transcendent leadership among principals and the current situation of organizational citizenship behavior among teachers and students in Taiwan. Data were collected using a questionnaire. A random sample of 1,580 teachers were enrolled. Multilevel structural equation modeling was performed. The study concluded that 1) the status of transcendent leadership among principals and organizational citizenship behavior among teachers and students are adequate; 2) transcendent leadership among principals positively affects organizational citizenship behavior among teachers; 3) organizational citizenship behavior among teachers positively affects organizational citizenship behavior among students; and 4) transcendent leadership among principals indirectly affects organizational citizenship behavior among students through organizational citizenship behavior among teachers.