以就業支持促進精神病人的社會包容──精神衛生護理師挑戰和方向

Using Employment Support to Foster Social Inclusion for Patients With Mental Disorders

社會包容是21世紀廣被政治和政策討論的概念，亦是我國社會政策的核心。雖然精神病人的社會包容已成為全球健康議題的焦點，但鮮有國內護理文獻探討此議題。另方面，就業是精神病人回歸社會的重要路徑，也是聯合國永續發展目標之一。雖然我國已努力改善精神病人的就業服務，然而成效未如預期。因此，護理師必須理解工作對精神病人的意涵及其面對的困境，反思護理實務的不足及限制，進而強化護理師就業照護的能力，並且對政府各部門及民間團體能適切提供精神病人就業轉銜服務、有效個案管理制度、以及持續提供就業後支持進行倡議。如此才能讓精神病人藉由穩定且安全的工作提升社會參與，降低被社會排除的風險，並且落實護理師對精神病人社會照顧之責任。

Social inclusion is a concept that is being widely discussed within the realms of politics and policy in the 21st century. Social inclusion is an essential element of social policy in Taiwan. Although fostering social inclusion for patients with mental disorders is a main focus of global health concern, this issue has been little explored in the nursing literature. Employment is both an important path by which patients with mental disorders return to the community and one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations. Although the government of Taiwan has made significant efforts to improve employment services for patients with mental disorders, the results have been disappointing. Nurses must better understand the meaning of work for patients with mental disorders and the difficulties they face; reflect on the deficiencies and limitations of nursing practice; and strengthen their professional abilities to provide effective employment support care to patients with mental disorders. We also need to advocate for appropriate employment transition services to be provided by various government departments and civil organizations, for the development of an effective case management system, and for the provision of ongoing employment support to patients with mental disorders. The above activities and actions can assist patients with mental disorders to increase their social participation by taking stable and safe jobs, which will reduce the risk of their isolation from society and help nurses fulfill their responsibility for providing social care to patients with mental disorders.