進階精神衛生護理角色的實踐及利基

Practice and Niches of Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) in Psychiatric and Mental Health Care

進階護理師的「角色拓展」是來自當代民眾的健康需求，而進階護理教育的儲備，則使得進階護理角色能及時回應當代需求，並成功拓展護理專業的執業範疇，進而讓進階護理師（advanced practice nurse）受到民眾的肯定及認可。「精神科臨床護理專家」，是美國早期進階護理師角色拓展的先驅，不但引領精神護理專業的蓬勃發展，也帶動護理專業的突破。本文旨在闡述進階精神衛生護理師的角色實踐及未來契機，透過「以實證科學解決複雜照護問題」的實例分享，展現進階精神衛生護理的角色功能，進而嘗試擘劃進階精神衛生護理可能的利基市場（niche market）。

The current expansion in role responsibilities of advanced practice nurses (APNs) stems from the current change in public health needs. Advanced nursing education enables APNs to respond promptly to current health needs while expanding the scope of nursing practice. As a result, APNs have obtained recognition and acceptance from the public. The“clinical nurse specialist”in psychiatric care was a pioneering example of APNs in the United States. These specialists not only led the vigorous development of contemporary psychiatric nursing but also advanced the nursing profession as a whole. This article aims to elucidate the role practice of and future opportunities for advanced psychiatric mental health nurses. Using examples of“applying evidence-based care to solve complex practice issues”, this article demonstrates the role functions of advanced psychiatric mental health nursing and outlines potential niche opportunities for this field.