以系統性文獻回顧及統合分析法探討芳香療法對於緩解護理人員工作壓力的效果

Effects of aromatherapy on work stress among nurses -- a systematic review and meta-analysis

目標：本研究之目的是以系統性文獻回顧與統合分析法，整合及探討芳香療法對於緩解護理人員工作壓力的效果。方法：搜尋的資料庫包含：搜尋於2023年5月前發表於PubMed、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、華藝線上圖書館、台灣博碩士論文知識加值系統等電子資料庫。擷取後之資料採用RevMan 5.4軟體進行統合分析（Meta-Analysis），以檢視芳香療法介入對護理人員工作壓力之效果。結果：納入結果分析的有9篇文章，共納入523位受試者（實驗組262人&對照組261人），95% CI [-0.75, -0.40]，Z=6.38, p < 0.00001，顯示綜合效果量為-0.57（95% CI: - 0.75, -0.40），表示芳香療法介入可改善護理人員之工作壓力，且成效為中等程度。在次群體分析部份呈現：芳香療法使用途徑為「嗅吸」方式、使用「玫瑰」或「薰衣草」精油且精油濃度「大於等於40%」，可有效緩護理人員工作壓力。結論：建議醫院的管理者，可提供護理人員濃度「大於等於40%」「玫瑰」或「薰衣草」精油置於休息室，護理人員自備精油瓶並於每日兩次的休息時間添加0.5 c.c.精油於瓶中進行「嗅吸」，以緩解工作壓力。未來希望納入更多實證研究，針對芳香療法介入的種類、濃度、單次使用時間、頻率及介入多久進行分析，以對於芳香療法介入改善護理人員工作壓力的措施，提出更完整方案。

Objectives: The objective of this article is to integrate and explore the effects of aromatherapy on relieving job stress of nurses by systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Methods: The searched database included electronic databases published before May, 2023 in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System, and Taiwan Journal Paper Index system. Meta-Analysis was used by RevMan 5.4 software to examine the effects of the exercise interventions on depression in the elderly. Results: There were 9 articles (9 samples) included in the analysis. 523 subjects (exercise: 262; control: 261) with 95% CI [-0.75, -0.40], Z = 6.38, p < 0.00001, showed a combined effects of -0.57 (95% CI: -0.75, -0.40), indicating that aromatherapy intervention could moderately improve the work stress degree among nurses. According to the subgroup analysis, the use of aromatherapy is to“inhale”the“rose”or“lavender”essential oil, and the essential oil concentration should be“greater than or equal to 40%”, which can effectively relieve the work pressure of nurses. Conclusions: It is recommended that hospital managers provide nurses with“rose”or“lavender”essential oil to be placed in the lounge, the concentration of which should be“greater than or at least equal to 40% and the nursing staff should bring their own essential oil bottles and add 0.5 c.c. essential oil to the bottle twice a day during the rest time to“inhale”to relieve work stress. In the future, it is hoped that more empirical studies will be included to analyze the type, concentration, single use time, frequency and duration of aromatherapy interventions, so as to propose more complete solutions for aromatherapy interventions to improve the work stress of nurses.