臺灣私立學校教師離職違約金之初探

The Study on Teachers’Resignation Penalty in Private Schools in Taiwan

私立學校與公立學校在臺灣同樣承擔教育任務，惟學校與教師間之法律關係卻截然不同，連帶影響其權利義務，其中私立學校聘約更是常以違約金條款來拘束教師，為此因離職而產生違約金爭議案件不在少數，此即本文探討核心。於是，本文使用法實證研究方法且分析司法院判決書，並得出離職預告期、契約解消認定不一致、違約金定性不一致、違約金條款具有法律效力、違約金條款欠缺公平性、損害賠償計算標的不明、違約金酌減考量、免付事由等結論。

Public Schools and private schools in Taiwan have the same responsibility of education together, but the separate relationship between schools and teachers in law is so different that teachers have different rights and obligation, one of which is teachers’resignation penalty. The study applied empirical legal studies method and analyzed juridical judgments. In the end, some conclusion shows below: non-unanimous notice of resignation, non-unanimous contract cancellation, legally binding penalty clause, unfair penalty clause, unclear calculative standard for target of damage, consideration of penalty decline and free of liability.