當下未經思慮的活動：論莊書中梓慶與射者列禦寇的意涵

Movements without Thinking in the Moment: the Implications of the stories of the woodworker and the archer in the Zhuangzi

本文以社會脈絡為根據，就《莊子》中的技藝表現進行探討，主要討論對象是梓慶以及應變能力不足的射者列禦寇。本文論證，技藝活動中的從容與自然，是修道者可以學習並實踐在社會互動上的。藉由Bruya所定義的「自然的人類行動」，我們理解技藝是一種未經思慮的活動。我接著提出人的兩種能力：「成心主導」與「具身主導」，這兩種能力是我們的日常活動包括社會互動的根源。只要我們能夠練習心齋，中止成心主導，讓具身主導取而代之，我們就能夠進行不費力的活動。至人的「非標準化身體」是啟動具身主導的關鍵，使人能夠以合作之姿去參與社會互動，並由此而連接上生活周遭的種種資源。

This article explores the implications of skilled performance in the Zhuangzi in a social context, with a specific focus on the stories of the woodworker Qing and the unresponsive archer Lieh Yukou. I argue that the ease and spontaneity displayed by the movements of the craft masters is obtainable and practical in terms of social interaction. By drawing on Bruya’s definition of“natural human action,”skilled performance is introduced as movements without thinking. I then propose to differentiate two types of ability–“heartmind dominance”and“embodied dominance”–that account for our daily activities including social interaction. We are able to enact effortless movements if only we practice mind-fasting so as to suspend heartmind dominance and let embodied dominance steer the way. A non-standardized body of the ideal person (zhiren至人) is the key to embodied dominance as it enables one to engage in social interaction in a cooperative way that gives access to resources of all kinds in the surrounding world.