食品中新興汙染物質介紹與監測數據：全氟／多氟烷基物質及礦物油碳氫化合物

Introduction and Monitoring Data on Emerging Contaminants in Food: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons

新興污染物質成為食品安全熱門議題，如全氟/多氟烷基物質(Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS)和礦物油碳氫化合物(Mineral oil hydrocarbons, MOH)，因可能對人體健康造成負面影響，已引起全球關注，歐美國家也陸續展開監控和相關研究。PFAS是一種持久性有機污染物，具有生物積累性，常見於塗層、泡沫和清潔產品等工業製品中，歐洲食品安全局(European Food Safety Authority, EFSA)已針對4項PFAS制定每周可耐受攝入量(Tolerable weekly intake,TWI)。歐美各國大多已初步建立飲用水中PFAS的規範，其中歐盟更於2023年開始實施食品中PFAS限量，規範肉品及水產動物。MOH是另一項歐盟關注的污染物議題，食品供應鏈中可能和礦物油相關的儲存、包裝、食品加工用油等都是可能污染的來源，目前由監控資料顯示穀物、雜糧與油脂性產品屬於風險較高的食品。全球化發展使新興污染物質監測和管理變得更複雜，本論文希望藉由介紹食品中PFAS和MOH的潛在風險，讓更多食品製造業者及政府單位重視新興污染物質的議題，並採取合適的供應鏈管理策略，因應快速變化的全球環境。

Emerging pollutants have become a popular topic in food safety, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH), which have attracted global attention due to their potential negative impacts on human health. European and American countries have begun monitoring and conducting related studies on these pollutants. PFAS is a persistent organic pollutant (POPs) that is bioaccumulative and commonly found in industrial products such as coatings, foams, and cleaning products. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for four PFAS compounds. Most European and American countries have established preliminary regulations for PFAS in drinking water, and the European Union will implement limits on PFAS in food, specifically meat and seafood, starting from 2023. MOH is another pollutant of concern in the European Union. Sources of MOH contamination in the food supply chain may include mineral oil-related storage, packaging, and food processing oils. Monitoring data has shown that cereals, grains, and oil-based products are the highest-risk foods. The development of globalization has made monitoring and managing emerging pollutants more complex. This paper aims to raise awareness of the potential risks of PFAS and MOH in food, urging more food manufacturers and government authorities to prioritize emerging pollutants issues and adopt appropriate supply chain management strategies to respond to the rapidly changing global environment.