氣候變遷調適共效益評估架構之探討──以農地調適為例

Framework for evaluating the co-benefit of climate change adaptation - a case of agricultural land adaptation

隨著氣候變遷趨勢的明確化，氣候變遷衝擊所導致的損失，可能顯著增加，受到之衝擊亦將更為嚴峻，氣候變遷減緩(Mitigation)與調適(Adaptation)之因應更形重要。國內推動氣候變遷衝擊因應的減緩與調適，自「國家節能減碳總計畫」及「國家氣候變遷調適政策綱領」以來，已分別累積一些成果，唯較少將兩者整合於策略或行動方案中，IPCC在AR4與AR5評估報告中，即提出氣候變遷衝擊因應政策之綜效(Synergy)、權衡(Trade-offs)與共效益(Co-benefits)觀點，以整體了解政策執行的成效與影響。本文以事前評估(Ex-Ante evaluation)概念為基礎，嘗試建構氣候變遷調適之共效益評估方法與程序，首先經由文獻整理，將調適作為之共效益項目區分為減緩與非氣候兩類，並透過專家問卷與工作坊，確認兩類共效益項目清單，據以設計共效益檢核表，文末則以農地氣候變遷調適之強化灌排水系統為例，進行試作評估，基於對於氣候變遷衝擊因應的整合思維，將減緩和調適的整合與空間計畫的程序結合，期能將成果提供後續應用之參考，達到因應氣候變遷衝擊的目的。

The clear trend of climate change is expected to have an increasingly negative impact on agriculture, raising the importance of mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Policymakers in Taiwan have made efforts to promote mitigation and adaptation strategies and achieved some success over the past decade with since the National Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction Plan and the National Climate Change Adaptation Policy Program. However, mitigation or adaptation responses were mostly stand-alone and were rarely integrated for implementation. In the AR4 and AR5 assessment reports, the IPCC proposed the synergy, trade-offs and co-benefits of the climate change impact response policy to understand the effectiveness of policy implementation as a whole. Based on that concept, this study builds a co-benefit evaluation approach for the climate change adaptation action. First, the co-benefit items of adaptation on mitigation and non-climate actions are identified from the literature review; confirms the list through expert questionnaires and workshops, and then designs the checklist for co-benefits accordingly. Finally, the strengthened irrigation and drainage system of agricultural land climate change adaptation is taken as an example to conduct a trial evaluation. The results can be applied as a reference for subsequent applications to respond to the impact of climate change.