臺北市沿山都市緩衝帶的再自然化及其效益分析

Renaturing peri-urban areas in Taipei: Ecological parks for slope land transformation and their benefits

「以自然為本的解決方案」是近年國際上倡議城市再自然化的新興典範，目的在回應氣候變遷之下都市所面臨的挑戰和問題，以更具成本效益之方式促進氣候變遷的減緩與調適，同時創造環境、社會、和經濟多元面向的共效益，塑造都市韌性並加速都市永續轉型。在臺灣，「以自然為本的解決方案」尚未成為主流政策宣示，其發展脈絡和空間經驗也與歐美城市有所差異，因此有必要進行實證科學研究，指出都市空間轉型和實務推動過程的意義。本文透過「政策回饋循環」架構，檢視臺北市海綿城市政策下，沿山緩衝地帶建置生態公園的政策創建、規劃設計、營運維護等過程，並進行效益分析。本研究選擇永春陂生態濕地公園和文山森林公園二處案例，探討其政策及設計過程，以及位於沿山都市緩衝帶公園之多面向效益。研究發現，軍事設施及公墓遷建，及其後續土地取得是臺北沿山都市緩衝帶再自然化的基礎。在市府高層領導、跨局處協助規劃設計、施作廠商的合作、及居民參與下，使得本研究二處案例的再自然化得以從概念成為現實。此二處案例均呈現整合的環境成果、健康與福祉、公民參與、轉型與監測管控等共效益。

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are an emerging urban planning agenda and a new paradigm for renaturing cities internationally. Policymakers promote NbS to cost-effectively deal with climate change mitigation and adaptation while addressing environmental, social and economic challenges simultaneously, thereby building urban resilience and accelerating sustainable urban transitions. Taiwan has yet to adopt NbS in mainstream policy discourses, and has different socio-economic and cultural contexts of undertaking NbS. Therefore, an empirical investigation of the planning and implementation of urban transformation is scientifically relevant and required. This study investigates the Taipei Sponge City Program from the perspective of‘policy feedback cycle’, by analyzing the construction of peri-urban ecological parks located in suburban hills in Taipei. Two case studies- Yongchunpi Wetland Park and Wenshan Forest Park-are investigated to analyze the process of policy creation and landscape design of the parks and to discuss their multiple co-benefits. This study argues that the relocations of military bases and public cemeteries and the acquisition of state-owned lands are key factors in renaturing peri-urban areas in Taipei. Leadership, cross-sectoral collaboration, partnerships with private consulting firms and construction companies, and public participation of local communities have helped renature cities in the two cases. Those two cases also demonstrate co-benefits of integrated environmental performance, human health and well-being, citizen participation and transformation monitoring.