路跑賽事碳足跡分析──以2021宜蘭冬山河超級馬拉松為例

The analysis of carbon footprint of running events: The example of the Yilan Dongshan river ultramarathon

緒論：因應極端氣候，環境永續工作已成為共識，如何降低環境衝擊是關鍵工作，運動場館營運及賽事辦理也會造成環境汙染，因此，運動組織也要思考減碳議題，而首要之務在於分析碳足跡，因此，本文主要是透過生命週期評估的概念與方法進行路跑賽事碳足跡盤查。方法：透過文獻分析提出路跑賽事碳足跡盤查架構，並發展出盤查表並請賽事辦理單位進行填寫，同時編制問卷以蒐集參賽者的交通與住宿資料，兩份研究工具都經過研究團隊與賽事辦理單位討論及預試以提升其信效度。另外，Excel套裝軟體用來做為資料之計算工作。結果：研究顯示整體賽事的碳排量約為14mtCO2e，參賽者的平均碳排放量約為0.028mtCO2e，而參賽者的碳排放量佔整體四分之三，就籌辦事務的碳排放量而言，賽前籌辦事務的碳排放量佔三分二左右，而交通造成的碳排放量占整個賽事的一半。結論：本研究提出的路跑賽事碳盤查結構可以做為後續賽事進行盤查所用，而提出賽事整體、籌辦單位、參賽者平均及各階段等之盤排放數據可以做為其他路跑賽事比較及制定節能減碳之參考。交通所造成之碳排放量佔所有項目最高，主辦單位應試著提出有效的措施降低碳排放量。此外，許多盤查範疇及規範仍有待後續研究進行討論。

Introduction: Environmental sustainability has become the consensus in response to extreme climate. Therefore, reducing environmental impacts has become a key task worldwide. Since sporting events and venue management also have environmental impacts, sporting organizations should be responsible for minimizing adverse environmental impacts (e.g., reducing carbon emissions) by estimating the carbon footprint of any product or activity and identifying components of sporting events producing the carbon emissions. This study aimed to evaluate the carbon footprint of road running events through Life Cycle Assessment. Methods: The framework for the carbon footprint analysis was built through a literature review, while two measuring tools were developed for event organizers and runners. A framework for the carbon footprint inventory of running events was proposed, and an inventory questionnaire was developed, the event organizer was asked to complete. In addition, a questionnaire was compiled to collect participants’transportation and accommodation information. These two research tools have been repeatedly discussed and pre-tested by the research team and the event organizer to improve their reliability and validity. Microsoft Excel was used for data analysis. Results: The total carbon footprint was estimated to be about 14 mt CO2e. The average carbon footprint per runner was approximately 0.028 mt CO2e. The event runners accounted for three-quarters of carbon emissions were accounted by the event runners. Regarding the event organizers, two-thirds of the overall emissions resulted from the pre-event period. In addition, 50% of the carbon emissions were generated from transportation components. Conclusion: This study’s framework can be used for other sporting events. In addition, this study’s estimated numbers, including total, breakdown, and per event participant and period, provide an essential reference for further analysis. Transportation accounted for most carbon emissions, requiring more environmental practices by the event organizers. Furthermore, more systematic efforts are needed to specifically investigate the boundaries and protocol of the carbon footprint analysis.