不穩定表面結合震動訓練對競技體操選手空翻、落地和神經肌肉表現之影響

Effects of unstable surface combined with vibration training on somersaults, landings, and neuromuscular performance in artistic gymnasts

緒論：2020東京奧運唐嘉鴻選手破臺灣紀錄獲得全能第七名，主要透過運科輔助來提升下肢空翻與落地水準。有鑑於專業選手成果，本研究亦採用8週不穩定表面結合震動訓練（結合訓練）介入其中，探討專業體操選手空翻、落地表現與肌肉活化之影響。方法：招募16名大專男子競技體操選手，隨機配對分成8名結合訓練組和8名震動訓練組，皆介入8週，每週3次，每次進行十組，每組訓練60秒。兩組於訓練前、4週後、8週後皆進行空翻、落地測驗和肌肉活化檢測。以混合設計二因子變異數統計分析進行比較(α= .05)。結果：空翻表現，結合訓練組於4週和8週後，起跳力量、發力率和空翻高度顯著優於前測，起跳力量和空翻高度顯著優於震動訓練組；肌肉活化發現，結合訓練組經8週後，內側腓腸肌、股內側肌和股外側肌顯著優於前測。落地和肌肉活化表現都無任何顯著差異之情形。結論：4週和8週之結合訓練能有效提高體操選手下肢神經肌肉活化程度，而利於提升空翻表現；4週和8週之結合訓練無法改善落地和肌肉活化表現，建議未來研究應在無侷限的訓練場地上進行空翻動作落地，找出關鍵數據指標，以利於解決實務訓練上的問題。

Introduction: At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Tang Chia-Hung broke the Taiwan record and won seventh place in the all-around. He mainly used the assistance of sports sciences to improve the level of lower limbs in somersaults and landings. Given the achievements of professional athletes, this study examined the effects of an eight-week intervention involving an unstable surface combined with vibration training (combined training) on the somersaults, landing performance, and muscle activation of professional gymnasts. Methods: This study recruited 16 junior college male gymnasts and randomly divided them into combined training (n = 8) and vibration training groups (n = 8). Both groups were performed for eight weeks, three times a week, with ten groups each time, and each group was trained for 60 seconds. Both groups performed somersaults, landing tests, and muscle activation tests before training and four and eight weeks after. The collected data were analyzed using mixed-design two-way analyses of variance (α= .05). Results: In somersault performance, the combined-training group’s take-off strength, RFD (rate of force development), and somersault height were significantly better after four and eight weeks compared to the pre-test, while the vibrationtraining group’s take-off strength and somersault height were significantly better. The combinedtraining group’s medial gastrocnemius, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis muscle activation were significantly better after eight weeks compared to the pre-test. There were no significant differences in landing and muscle activation performance. Conclusion: Combined training for four and eight weeks effectively improved the neuromuscular activation of the lower limbs in gymnasts, which is beneficial for improving somersault performance. However, it did not improve landing performance and muscle activation. It is suggested that future research should perform somersaults on unrestricted training grounds and identify key data indicators to help overcome problems in practical training.