與狼同行：從《愛爾蘭風土誌》及《狼行者》思考我他關係之流變

Running with Wolves: Rethinking the Self-Other Relationship through Topographia Hibernica and Wolfwalkers

源自古典及歐洲中世紀各式民俗傳說的狼人文本，不僅帶有地方神秘色彩，也隱涵對於人作為一個物種更多變多樣的想像。狼人故事中關鍵的「身體變化」，根本上挑戰了人之為人的疆界，而狼人意象在不同時期文學作品中的變形，更成為轉譯當時代文化、宗教、政治、我他衝突的媒介。本文聚焦同樣以愛爾蘭為背景的《愛爾蘭風土誌》及《狼行者》中關於狼人的片段，並取徑列維納斯的他者倫理，以及德勒茲和瓜達希提出的流變，以探討下述兩個面向：（一）狼人文本如何在凸顯變形威脅性的同時，亦用傳播與變形的意象，動搖疆界的建構與我他二分；（二）化狼後成為他者的主體，如何在回歸與交融的過程中，對社群周遭產生影響。本文試圖以帶有不穩定性、甚至「感染性」的狼人身體，探究狼化的過程中，身體的外在變化如何迫使主體重新思考自身的位置，而在人狼之間搖擺的主體，又如何重新形構我他關係，並帶出共情和流變的可能。

Dating back to Greco-Roman and medieval European folklore, legends, and romances, texts about werewolves unveil the mystery of lands and disclose multifarious conceptions of humanness and its variants. The motif of bodily change shatters the fundamental understanding of humans and explains why werewolf texts were often treated as media for cultural, religious, and socio-political negotiations during their times. Taking Emmanuel Lévinas’s ethical theory and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s concept of becoming as its theoretical framework, this paper analyzes the depictions of (were-)wolves in Topographia Hibernica and Wolfwalkers, with particular attention to the cross-cultural conflicts in Ireland. The first aim of this study is to scrutinize how the werewolf texts portray change and metamorphosis as threatening but simultaneously spotlight their potential to challenge the self-other boundary; the second aim is to understand how the isolated and otherized werewolves influence their communities and surroundings through the process of return and reunification. By looking into the unstable, sometimes contagious, werewolf bodies, the paper rethinks how the change of bodies propels the reconsideration of self-other relationships and how bodily contagion leads to emotional resonance, affection, and becoming.