國民小學已婚女性主任行政職涯發展探究

The Research on the Administrative Career Development of the Married Female Elementary School Teachers as the Chiefs

近年來，教師兼任行政職務意願低落情形隨著教育生態環境丕變而更加嚴重。學校教師隨著服務年資漸長，職涯角色亦有所轉變與增加，對於已婚育有子女的女性教師而言，兼任行政職務更是其職家壓力的來源。根據教育部統計處統計110學年度國小女性教師兼任組長及主任各佔62.04%及52.04%，佔比極高。其中「主任」一職承上啟下，工作壓力遠比組長來得重，其職涯發展的同時亦正面臨家庭發展的重要階段，主任的職涯如何堅持與規劃，實為學校行政重要議題。
本研究以質性訪談探析國民小學已婚女性主任行政職涯發展，採用立意取樣訪談6位女性已婚主任。根據訪談結果發展出國民小學女性已婚主任的四大向度及八個職涯主題。研究發現，女性已婚主任的職涯選擇受校長的影響極為明顯，且願意擔任主任的女性教師具有極明顯的自我實現價值感，而女性主任的壓力有一部分來自於配偶的不支持。
根據結果，研究者建議學校領導者應多給予女性教師鼓勵，提升女性教師自信心及兼任主任行政職務意願，並提供女性主任更多家庭照顧彈性空間，以期達到職家平衡。另外，建議女性主任要能自我調適壓力以達身心平衡，且為自己的人生職涯發展定位，主動與家庭進行溝通協調，突破職家零和困境，實現自我理想職涯規劃。

Over the past years, the drastically changed educational ecology has led to the low aspiration of school teachers for the concurrent administrative duties, which is a severe issue. A school teacher will face his/her career roles to be changed and added as his/her seniority accumulates. As it comes to the female school teachers who get married and need raise young children, the concurrent administrative duties are the source of their work-family stress. According to the statistics compiled by the Department of Statistics of the Ministry of Education in 2022 school year, the proportions of the female elementary school teachers with the concurrent administrative duties as the section head and the chief are 62.04% and 52.04%, respectively, and statistically such figures are pretty high. Therein, Chief as an intermediate post contributes to high work stress in contrast to Head. The female school teachers are facing the key phase of their family development while they are actualizing their career development. Accordingly, how to continue and deliberate her career scheme of each and every female chief is authentically a crucial issue in terms of the school administration management.
The author surveyed and assayed the administrative career development of the married female elementary school teachers as the chiefs that served as the samples of the study via the interview method in qualitative research and interviewed 6 samples on their administrative career development via the purposive sampling method. The author obtained the findings from the data collected from the interviews and therefore devel-oped 4 dimensions (aspects) and 8 career themes (topics) in the married female elementary school teachers as the chiefs. The findings show the followings:
1. The principal was the dominant determinant as for the career option of the married female chief;
2. The female elementary school teacher willingly to be the chief obviously felt rewarding and self-actualized; and
3. The stress of the female chief came from the nonsupport of her spouse in part.
In terms of the results of the study, it is strongly recommended that the school leader shall inspire the female school teachers more, promote their confidence and aspiration for the concurrent administrative duties as the chiefs and ensure their flexibility to be able to care for the family in order to balance work and family; in addition, it is strongly recommended that the female chief adjusts her stress to keep her body and mind balanced, finds out her personal positioning throughout her lifelong career development, talks and works closely with her family members in a proactive manner, resolves the zero-sum-game issue, and actualizes her individual dream / ideal career planning scheme.