十二年國教改革後中等技職教育的發展困境與弔詭

The Predicament and Paradox in the Mid-Level Technical and Vocational Education After 12-year Basic Education Reform

本研究剖析十二年國民基本教育改革後七年（2014-2020學年度）間，我國中等技職教育遭遇的八大發展困境：學生人數減少、學生由私校流向公校、教師人數減少、教育經費並未隨法令保障而增加、政府補助私立學校經費減少、免學費政策不利於中等技職學制、技職學生就學收費負擔比普通科高、補助政策對技職學生缺乏誘因等，都顯現中等技職教育逐漸落入資源匱乏的發展困境，這些困境充分反映十二年國民基本教育改革已經為中等技職教育造成政策弔詭現象，逐漸弱化國家技職教育的發展基礎。建議未來中等技職學生收費與補助政策宜引入適足理念，提供學生就讀誘因；教育資源分配政策應配置適足資源給辦理中等技職學制的公私立高級中等學校；以及在國民基本教育框架下，重新對中等技職各類學制賦予特色。

This study dissected the eight predicaments of mid-level technical and vocational education after 12-year basic education reform: rapidly declining enrollment, losing enrollment in private high schools, reducing teaching staff, stagnating public funding even guaranteed by law, dramatically decreasing public funding for private high schools, the unfavorable free-tuition policy for vocational education, the higher fee schedule for vocational students than for general education students, and lacking incentives for students to enroll in vocational education programs. These predicaments fully reflected the policy paradox on future development of national technical and vocational education system brought by the reform. In order to lay solid foundation for vocational education system, this study made the following suggestions for future policymaking: adopting adequacy principle in making student fee and subsidy policy, reallocating education resources for students enroll in vocational programs in both public and private high schools, and branding vocational education programs within high schools under the basic education system.