日治時期臺灣女性花鳥類東洋畫研究

Research on the Themes of Flowers and Birds of Taiwanese Toyoga Painting (Taiwan's Eastern-Style Painting) of Taiwanese Females Under Japanese Rule

現存的研究史料和學術論文中，尚未專門探析和論述日治時期關於女性花鳥類東洋畫的風格特色之論文，女性花鳥類東洋畫家多數因日治時期時代背景因素是被遺忘的對象，多數也已凋零。因此，本文以日治時期臺灣女性為研究對象，並以其花鳥類東洋畫作為研究主題，探究日治時期女性東洋畫花鳥類作品之美學趨向，企圖以完整的東洋畫史料文獻系統性、圖像及照片解析女性花鳥類題材作品以及花鳥繪畫作品的重要性，也因花鳥類東洋畫是官方展覽會（臺灣美術展覽會、臺灣總督府美術展覽會）畫家描繪最多的題材，因此具研究意義和價值。本文，筆者就女性畫家題材內容、繪畫技巧以及風格等方面進行探析。從官展東洋畫部入選的女性畫家之花鳥作品為主進行研究，探討和分析面向，分別為：題材、繪畫風格、構圖與版面佈局、女性花鳥類東洋畫家師承之影響、學習活動與師承探究其原因與背景淵源。以及進行男性、女性花鳥類東洋畫性別差異元素之影響；最後就其值得提出來討論之特色與風格進行歸納和論述，成為本研究成果與發現。研究發現：女性花鳥類東洋畫多數因於三高女（臺北州立臺北第三高等女學校）習東洋畫受日籍東洋畫家鄉原古統（Gobara Koto）影響頗深，多數官展得獎作品風格相似。繼而，歸納女性花鳥類東洋畫的特色風格和相似處。差異上，男女性花鳥類東洋畫因師承關係，展現不同風格，在植物花卉的選擇上、描繪的技法、構圖表現上和佈局的選擇上等，即便如此，卻皆有其特色，對當時臺灣東洋花鳥畫壇影響深遠。這些女性畫家到戰後仍有繼續創作花鳥類東洋畫，而戰後女性東洋畫作品皆值得後續學者或研究者作進一步的發覺和解析。

Among the existing research historical materials and academic papers, there is no paper that specifically explores and discusses the style and characteristics of Toyoga paintings of female flowers and birds during the Japanese occupation period. Most of the female Toyoga painters of flowers and birds are forgotten objects due to the background factors of the Japanese occupation period, and most of them have also withered. Therefore, this paper intends to take Taiwanese women during the Japanese occupation period as the research object, and takes the Toyoga painting of flowers and birds as the research theme to explore the aesthetic trend of female Toyoga painting of flowers and birds during the Japanese occupation period. Images and photos analyze the importance of female flower-and-bird-themed works and flower-and-bird paintings, and because Toyoga paintings of flowers and birds are the subjects most painted by painters at official exhibitions (Taiwan Art Exhibition, Taiwan Governor's Office Art Exhibition), it is worth studying. meaning and value. In this paper, the author explores and analyzes the painting skills, subject content and style of female painters. Mainly conduct research on the flower and bird works of female painters selected by the Toyoga Painting Department of Taiwan Exhibition, and discuss and analyze the aspects: subject matter, painting style, composition and layout, influence of female teachers of Toyoga flower and bird paintings, learning activities, explore the reasons and background origins with teachers, and the influence of the gender difference elements of male and female flower and bird Toyoga paintings; finally, the characteristics and styles worthy of discussion are summarized and discussed, which become the results and findings of this research. The findings of this research: Most of the Toyoga paintings of female flowers and birds are due to the influence of the Japanese Toyoga painter Gobara Koto. Their award works are similar in style. Then, summarize the characteristic styles of male and female Toyoga flower and bird paintings similarities. In terms of differences, male and female Toyoga paintings of flowers and birds show different styles due to the relationship between teachers, which are reflected in the selection of plants and flowers, the techniques of depiction, composition and expression, and the choice of layout. Even so, they all have their own characteristics and had far-reaching influence on the Toyoga flower and bird painting circle in Taiwan at that time. These female painters continued to create Toyoga paintings of flowers and birds after the war, and the post-war female Toyoga paintings are all worthy of further discovery and analysis by subsequent scholars or researchers.