澳洲與全球恐怖主義的威脅：國內與國際層次

Australia and the Threat of Global Terrorism: Domestic and International Dimensions

本文主旨在檢視兩個時期的澳洲與全球恐怖主義的威脅。第一個時期聚焦於2001年至2014年的澳洲參與阿富汗的反恐戰爭，論及澳洲在阿富汗的軍隊正在改變其角色以因應基地（al Qaeda）殘餘份子以及他們的神學士（Taliban或稱塔利班）支持者的威脅。本文的第二部份（第二個時期）則著重於討論澳洲對伊拉克的承諾，尤其是有關在伊拉克與敘利亞的伊斯蘭國（the Islamic State）的威脅。此期間，澳洲的國內出現土生土長的暴力激進份子加入在伊拉克與敘利亞的伊斯蘭國的恐怖活動。同時，在這段期間，澳洲國內也出現數次由伊斯蘭國所唆使的恐怖攻擊事件，最為人知曉的是雪梨（Sydney）馬汀市場（Martine Place）的麗茲咖啡館（the Linz Cafe）的恐攻事件。本文同時補充說明澳洲政府所採取的法律回應，如將到被禁止前往的恐怖份子控制的區域旅行視為非法以及取消在國外與被禁止的恐怖組織份子並肩作戰而具有雙重國籍的澳洲人取消國籍等。

This paper reviews Australia and the threat of global terrorism in two periods. The first period focuses on Australian participation in the war in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014. The paper discusses the changing roles of the Australian military in Afghanistan to address the threat of al Qaeda remnants and their Taliban supporters. It also looks at sporadic incidents of domestic terrorism in Australia by homegrown militants. Most of these incidents were identified and dealt with by security agencies. The second part of the paper focuses on Australia's commitment to Iraq in light of the threat of the Islamic State of Syria and Iraq or ISIS. In this period Australia's domestic front witnessed homegrown militants travelling to Syria and Iraq to support ISIS.