印度莫迪新政府的經濟發展政策與實踐

Economic Development Policy and Practice in India under the New Government

本文主要在檢視近年來印度政策制訂環境的變遷以及在不久的將來之可能變動。印度正在從2005年到2008年之間前所未有的成長率以及2009年到2013年期間相等強勁的放緩中崛起。在這段期間之中，國家是由從1947年獨立後以來絕大多數的時期均由其治理的聯邦國大黨（Congress Party）左翼統治。現在它已被強調要將印度打造成工業樞紐以及確保製造業將會選擇並提供青年人口追求的數以百萬計工作機會的右翼印度人民黨（Bharatiya Janata Party, BJP或National People's Party）取而代之。政策制訂對今日執政的莫迪政府而言面臨多重的挑戰，包括相當高的經常帳赤字、持續的食糧價格膨脹、疲軟的稅收占國民生產毛額比例、高利率以及表現不佳的社會經濟指數。另一方面，高漲的情緒以及無望最早在次一年回歸到百分之六以上的成長率都將為新政府的經濟發展政策帶來隱憂。

This paper looks at the recent changes in the policy making environment in India and the possible changes that will be seen in the immediate future. India is emerging out of an unprecedented growth rate during 2005-2008 and an equally strong slowdown during 2009-2013. During this time, the country was governed by its left of center Congress party that has ruled the country for most of its post independence period starting 1947. It has now been replaced by a rightwing Hindu Nationalist party, the BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party or the National People's party) that has highlighted its view on making India an industrial hub and ensuring that the manufacturing sector picks up and provides the millions of jobs that a young population looks for.