臺灣華語教材中三字格慣用語分析及編寫建議

The Analysis and Compiling Suggestions of Three character Idioms in Taiwan’s Chinese Teaching Materials

三字格慣用語是華語母語者口語及書面中常用的語言現象之一，但因具有特殊性且富含中華文化，對華語學習者而言是學習的難點之一。本文首先從形式及語法功能、語義、情感色彩定義三字格慣用語，包括外在結構為三音節、可充當句子成分、具語義雙重性及具褒貶的情感色彩。其次從辭典中整理出487個三字格慣用語，並以「國教院語料庫索引典系統」中的「中央平衡語料庫4.0」搜尋各三字格慣用的筆數，藉此觀察現有教材中所選用的三字格慣用語之常用度，結果得出七本教材中的13個三字格慣用語僅有5個的語料筆數在20筆以上，其餘8個皆少於20筆。接著從拼音、詞性、語義、語用、例句、練習六方面分析臺灣現有華語教材中對三字格慣用語的選用及編寫方式之優缺點，發現教材中雖已有意識地編選三字格慣用語，但數量相當少，編寫方式上亦仍有發展空間。本文依據上述的分析結果提出三字格慣用語的編寫建議，供未來教材編寫及教學參考之。

Three-character idioms are one of the most commonly used in both spoken and written phrases among native Chinese speakers. However, they are one of the most difficult to learn because of its peculiarities and its richness in the Chinese culture. First of all, this paper defines the three-character idioms from the aspects of form, grammar, semantics and pragmatic functions. The structure of the three-character idioms consists of three syllables and can be used as part of a sentence. They have semantic duality, bringing both positive and negative connotations. Secondly, 487 three-character idioms were sorted out from the dictionary, and their occurrence numbers were searched through the Sinica Corpus 4.0 of National Academy for Educational Research. The results show that only 5 of the 13 three-characters idioms in the seven Chinese language materials have more than 20 occurrences, while 8 of the 13 have fewer than 20 occurrences. Next, an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of Taiwan’s Chinese Textbooks was done from HanyuPinyin, lexical semantics and pragmatics. The number of selected three-character idioms in the Chinese language materials was found to be considerably small, suggesting improvement needed in the way of writing. The purpose of this paper is to put forward the principle of three-character idioms for teaching and writing Chinese language textbooks.