論日本核污染的法律規制

On Legal Regulation of Nuclear Pollution in Japan

從福島核電站事故到日本政府排海方案，存在核污染風險的法律規制問題。排海方案實施行為違背多項國際環境保護義務。日本環境法規制在福島事故前後發生變化，《放射性污染特措法》對日本國內核污染進行系統法律規制。國內法規制體系相對嚴格使得日本政府將核廢水從國內排放轉移到海洋排放。核污染風險法律預防需要突破剩餘風險的限制，不能夠按照達標排污即合規的常規預防思路，而應當採取特別預防，從風險的內涵定位、判斷要素、禁令訴訟等多方面對其規制路徑進行整體建構。

From the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident to the Japanese governments sea discharge plan, there are problems about legal regulations on the risk of nuclear pollution. The implementation of the sea discharge scheme violates a number of international environmental protection obligations. The regulation of Japan's Environmental Law changed before and after the Fukushima accident. The Law of Special Measures for Radioactive Pollution systematically regulates Japan's domestic nuclear pollution. The relatively strict regulation system of domestic law makes the Japanese government transfer nuclear wastewater from domestic discharge to marine discharge. The legal prevention of nuclear pollution risk needs to break through the limitation of residual risk. It cannot follow the conventional prevention idea that standard pollution discharge will not be responsible when it meets the administrative standard, but should take special precaution to construct its regulation path from the aspects of connotation positioning and judgment elements of risk, injunction litigation and so on.