論法學研究的兩種視角──兼評“法教義學和社科法學”邏輯之非

On Two Perspectives on Legal Studies

法學有兩種觀察或研究視角，即內部視角和外部視角。簡言之，前者是規範（制度）事實視角，後者是社會（事實）視角。因之，法學也可兩分為內部視角的法學和外部視角的法學。前者以法律規範為前提和紐帶的制度事實為研究對象，以規範分析為基本方法，並强調規範中心和規範决定論；後者則以法律規範與其它社會事實之間的關係為研究對象，並運用其他社會科學，如經濟學、政治學、社會學、人類學等的方法作為觀察和研究法律現象及運作規律的具體方法。它强調社會（事實）中心和社會决定論。法學（尤其法教義學）是社會“科學”的重要一支，與社會科學之間是種屬關係，因之，法教義學與所謂“社科法學”之間，在邏輯上不能以並列關係對待。與其說“法教義學與（和）社科法學”，不如說內部視角的法學與（和〉外部視角的法學。

Legal studies have two different ways of observation or research, that is, the internal point of view and external point of view. In short, the former is the normative (institutional) factual point of view, while the latter is the social (factual) point of view. Therefore, Legal studies can be divided into two aspects: the internal point of view and external point of view. The former takes legal norms as the premise and the institutional facts as the research object, takes normative analysis as the basic method, and emphasizes the thinking of normativity- based and normative determinism. The latter takes the relationship between legal norms and other social facts as the research object, and applies the methods of other social sciences, such as economics, politics, sociology, anthropology, etc., as the specific methods to observe and study the phenomena and laws of legal practice. It emphasizes the thinking of social (factual)- based and social determinism. Legal study, especially legal dogmatics, is an important branch of social 'science', which has a species relationship with social science. Therefore, Legal dogmatics and the so- called 'Social Sciences Law' cannot be treated as a logical parallel relationship. With regard to two different kinds of legal studies, it is not so much Legal Dogmatics &. Law and Social Sciences as the Internal and external point of view of Law.