地理、進化與文明：梁啟超、康有為海外詩中的世界圖像

Geography, Evolution and Civilization: Images of the World in Overseas Poems by Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei

海外詩是詩歌中較被忽視的類型，其背後卻反映了時代的發展與文明的特質。近代既是社會轉型的關鍵時期，也是海外詩快速發展的時代；其中，康有為 (1858-1927) 與梁啟超 (1873-1929) 的海外詩，因其學術、政治背景與遊歷，表現出當代其他詩人所無的格局，實為海外詩發展的高峰。他們的詩受到地理環境決定論和進化主義的影響，欲從世界不同文明的考察中尋找地理環境的決定因素，總結出諸如地理位置、海權、物質、殖民等影響進化的規律，供中國未來的發展借鑒。其視野與文化意識都與以往漢族中心主義有所不同，體現了面向海洋、積極匯入現代文明的轉向，呈現出一幅世界尺度的宏觀圖像。

Overseas poems, a neglected type of poetry, reflect the development of the times and the characteristics of civilization. The modern era was not only a critical period of social transformation, but it was also a time of rapid development in overseas poems. Due to their academic and political backgrounds as well as their travel experiences, the overseas poems of Kang Youwei 康有為 (1858-1927) and Liang Qichao 梁啟超 (1873-1929), which represent the apex of the genre, show a pattern absent in the poems of other contemporary poets. Their poems were influenced by the theories of geographical determinism and evolutionism. They wanted to find decisive factors regarding the geographical environment from the investigation of different civilizations in the world, and they summed up the laws affecting evolution such as geographical location, sea power, material resources and colonization, which could be used as points of reference in China’s future development. Their vision and cultural consciousness were different from those of the Han centralism of the past, in that they embodied the turn of facing the ocean and actively merging into modern civilization, presenting a macro image on a world scale.