日本江戶時期伊藤家的古文《尚書》考辨──兼論中、日古文《尚書》考辨之異同

Ito Family Scholarship on the Guwen shangshu during the Edo Period: A Comparison of Chinese and Japanese Views

本文探討江戶時期伊藤仁齋 (1627-1705)、東涯 (1670-1736)、蘭嵎 (1694-1778) 父子三人對古文《尚書》的論述與考辨，以見伊藤家學之一隅。蓋仁齋為日本最初意識到古文《尚書》真偽問題，並著意加以論證者；其子東涯、蘭嵎則在父學的基礎之上，加以擴展，故欲探究日本古文《尚書》辨偽史，必由伊藤家入手。為了見出其特色，並略將之與中國相對照，如此，既可以更明晰中、日《尚書》學的特色，又能為中國《尚書》學研究，提供新的視野。

In this article, I examine the interpretation of the Guwen shangshu 古文尚書 advanced by the Ito family members Jinsai, Togai and Langu in an effort to better understand this aspect of the Ito family’s scholarship. Ito Jinsai was the first to realize, and attempt to demonstrate, that the Guwen shangshu might be a potential forgery. On the basis of their father’s scholarship, Jinsai’s two sons, Togai and Langu, then expanded upon his research into this matter. The first step in studying the history of Japanese criticism of the Guwen shangshu is thus to probe the Ito family’s work on the text. In this article, I moreover compare the Ito family’s views on the Guwen shangshu with similar studies in China in order to better understand what was innovative in the Ito family’s scholarship. In so doing, the article also provides a new perspective on Chinese Shangshu study.