「片語可抵經文全」――試析孫星衍《尚書今古文注疏》對石刻文獻的運用

“Few Words Written in Stone Can Match Up to the Entire Classics”: A Discussion on the Application of Stone Inscriptions in Sun Xing yan’s Shang Shu

孫星衍是清代乾嘉時期著名的金石學家，其注經之作《尚書今古文注疏》也往往援引石刻文獻為證，向來罕有論者關注。本文即以此書為線索，爬梳孫氏對該書所涉碑拓的尋訪、收藏及相關交遊經歷，並歸納孫氏運用不同石刻文獻的方式，指出孫氏據唐石經校訂經文，標明、疏釋漢魏石經的異文，並據現有異文舉一反三，至於其他秦漢碑刻，則僅在疏文中引作旁證，均透顯出他對恢復《尚書》經文原貌和區分不同材料的重要程度的意識。不過，對比孫書的凡例與具體的解經實踐，特別是在今古文劃分與徵引規範上，凡例也有陳義過高、未能始終貫徹之處，可謂白璧微疵。

Sun Xing-Yan was a well-known epigrapher in Qian-Jia period of Qing Dynasty. His commentary on the classics, Shang-Shu Jin-Gu-Wen Zhu-Shu, often cited stone inscriptions as evidence, which few people pay attention to. This article focuses on the stone inscriptions in this book, sorts out Sun’s search and collection of the rubbings, including related interpersonal relationships, and summarizes the ways Sun quoted different stone inscriptions. Then I point out that Sun collated the scriptures with Tang Shi-Jing, marked and clarified the different texts of Han and Wei Shi-Jing, and made inferences from them, while he simply cited other Qin and Han inscriptions as collateral evidences. These all reflect Sun’s awareness of restoring the original appearance of Shang-shu scriptures and distinguishing the significance of different materials. However, comparing Sun's Fan-Li (explanatory notes)with specific interpretive practices, especially in the division of Jin-Wen-Jing(modern style scripture) and Gu-Wen-Jing (classical style scripture) and the norm of reference citation, Fan-Li is too ideal to be obeyed all the time, which is the flaw of Sun’s book.