以界面活性劑除靜電法減緩交趾陶吸附線香污染物之研究

The Study of Utilizing an Antistatic Surfactant to Mitigate Absorption of Pottery from Incense Pollutants

廟宇中充滿著多元的裝飾藝術，常用壁畫、木雕、石雕、彩繪、交趾陶及剪黏作為裝飾且各具不同的巧思，將傳統常見的主題賦予個人的技巧創意，便造繽紛燦爛的工藝文化且同時承載歷史軌跡及當代工藝精髓。廟宇中線香煙燻導致空氣中許多粒子，如水分子、線香產物、灰塵等，其本身帶有正負離子。因正負電性平衡，粒子呈中性，對外不顯電性。當粒子靠近靜電時，粒子中的正離子被排斥掉，由於粒子中還存負離子，整個粒子呈現負電，從而被靜電電壓吸附上來，進而將低極性化合物吸附於廟宇文物且逐漸侵蝕著廟宇瑰寶。本研究利用界面活性劑可在文物表面上形成一隔離層來防止靜電吸附影響之特性作為研究材料。以不同濃度（50％、30％、10％）之界面活性劑（陰離子及非離子）於實驗室及戶外進行煙燻測試，將線香之有機污染物質吸附於試片後再取下吸附之污染物。再以氣相層析質譜儀分析其成分之峰值，並比對試驗之差異性。結果顯示，不同濃度之陰離子或非離子界面活性劑都能有效的產生離子層並隔絕靜電來減緩廟宇線香燃燒產物吸附。結論指出，在實驗室模擬與戶外使用不同濃度界面活性劑皆可減緩線香所吸附導致之污染物質，因此界面活性劑除靜電法可廣泛應用於減緩廟宇線香煙燻吸附對文物造成之影響。

The temple is full of diverse decorative arts such as roofs or temples. The commonly used art is murals, woodcarvings (door gods), stone carvings, paintings, Koji Pottery and fragmented arts for decoration, and themes have different ingenuity, which is common in tradition. The theme gives the individual a creative skill, which creates a colorful craft culture and simultaneously carries the history and essence of contemporary craftsmanship. The temple is smoked by incense, causing multiple particles in the air, such as water molecules, incense, dust, impurities, etc., which has positive and negative ions. Due to the positive and negative electric balance, the particles are neutral and have no external electrical properties. Therefore, when the particles are close to the electrostatic voltage, the positive ions in the particles are replaced. Since the negative ions are still present in the particles, the particles exhibit negative electrical properties. The characteristics of negative ions are repelled by the same polarity of the magnet, and the principle of heteropolar attraction is similar. Therefore, it is adsorbed by the electrostatic voltage, and the robes adsorb the low-polar compounds to the temple decoration and gradually erode the cultural heritages of the temple and the essence of contemporary craftsmanship. The study utilizes the characteristics of a surfactant to form an ion barrier layer on the surface of the cultural heritages to prevent electrostatic adsorption. The surfactants were tested with anionic and nonionic surfactants and used different concentrations (50%, 30%, 10%) and simulated incense smoke in the laboratory. The results show that both anionic and nonionic surfactants can effectively produce an ion layer and isolate static electricity to help slow down the adsorption of temple incense combustion products. At different concentrations, the gas chromatography mass spectrometer map shows that the surfactant can effectively reduce the adsorption of pollutants in the air. The experimental results of anionic or nonionic surfactants are obviously effective in slowing down the effects of cigarette smoking on temple lines. The smoked results of the temple also achieved a consistent effect, which slowed down the adsorption.