3D科技於博物館文物保存維護應用初探

A Preliminary Study on the Application of 3D Technology in the Preservation and Maintenance of Cultural Relics in Museums

數位科技時代的演進，博物館導入科技應用的範疇越來越多元，從數位化、資訊化、到科技化，隨著科技的進步相對也提升並改變了傳統的工作模式，如3D科技技術的發展，早期大多應用於工業發展，而本文則是希望透過科技與文物的結合，嘗試將其3D科技應用於博物館保存維護專業領域，並透過實際案例導入3D科技之後，是否有實質助於提升文物保存之安全性，並將以博物館館藏文物為例，因為館藏文物經常作為研究、展示、推廣教育等用途，期間勢必歷經許多次的移動與流通，然而每一次的取用都會是一次損傷的風險，另外數位修復的部分則可以透過數位模擬的方式，提供修護師修護前置作業評估，因此希望透過3D科技技術，結合CAE科學應力分析、數位修復等3D數位資料之應用，來分析文物結構不穩定之區塊，計算其位移可能造成的損壞風險評估，同時將其3D模型轉化設計之成果應用於文物保存加固及數位修復應用，而在作業的程序上，需要先取得3D掃描之模型，進而應用應力分析、數位模型轉化設計，最後將其計算後之資訊，透過電腦數值控制（Computer Numerical Control，CNC）工具機，或3D列印技術製作保護措施，使文物在運輸搬運過程中，或是放置於保存櫃架中可達到最安全的防護。因此本篇論文研究動機即思考如何能將此技術多元應用科技導入博物館典藏工作，並針對幾個面向來進行探討，首先可討論的部分為文物保存維護，是否能透過新科技技術於文物保存維護上，提供有別於傳統的保存方式，使其透過新科技提升文物安全性，包括是否將完成之3D檔進行相關受應力分析，並以即時模擬的方式進行文物保存加固之前置評估，亦可透過3D列印與CNC加工方式，進行文物及保存防護之模擬製作，避免直接應用於文物上造成可能的損壞風險，另外則是思考是否也能將3D數位修復與實際修復進行結合，以提供修復師進行文物修復前一個參考依據，以及後續修復前後之比對，希望透過3D科技技術的引進，探討能否與傳統文物保存維護與修護進行結合，進而激發起另一種可能性。

With the evolution of the digital technology era, museums have applied more and more diverse technology and have improved and changed the traditional work mode of museums. This study discusses the application of 3D technology to the professional field of museum preservation and maintenance, thus improving the safety of cultural relic preservation. In addition, digital repair technology provides repairers with an assessment of the pre-repair evaluation through digital simulation. 3D technology, combined with the application of 3D digital data, such as CAE scientific stress analysis and digital restoration, can analyze the structurally unstable blocks of cultural relics, calculate the risk assessment of the damage that their displacement may cause, and apply the 3D models on cultural relic preservation and reinforcement and digital restoration. In the operation procedure, it is necessary to obtain the 3D scanned model first, then apply stress analysis, digital model transformation design, and finally calculate the information through the computer numerical control (Computer Numerical Control, CNC) machine tool, or to make protective measures through 3D printing technology, so that cultural relics can have the safest protection during transportation, handling, or placing in storage cabinets. This paper aims to discuss the application of 3D technology in the preservation and maintenance of cultural relics in museums. First, new technologies can provide a different way of preservation so that the safety of cultural relics can be improved, including a full 3D model correlate stress analysis, pre-assessment for preservation and reinforcement of cultural relics in real-time simulation. Second, simulation production is made through 3D printing and CNC processing to avoid the risk of damage caused by direct application on cultural relics. Furthermore, combining 3D digital restorations with actual restorations can provide a reference for the restorer before the restoration of cultural relics, as well as the comparison before and after the subsequent restoration.