博物館藏品詮釋資料建置與開放之探究──以國立故宮博物院器物數位典藏為例

Exploration on the Construction and Opening of Metadata for Museum Collections-Case on the Digital Archive of Antiquities in the National Palace Museum

因應政府開放資料政策與後疫情時代，博物館紛紛在線上提供更多藏品資訊，包括：詮釋資料與數位圖像。國立故宮博物院器物處因參與數位典藏國家型科技計畫（2002－2012），制訂了器物詮釋資料需求規格書，並利用計畫資源完成大量詮釋資料建置。數典計畫結束後持續增補詮釋資料，同時配合政府開放資料政策，陸續增加器物詮釋資料開放數量，使得詮釋資料品質議題逐漸浮上檯面。歸納分析發現器物詮釋資料面臨三大問題：資料欄位未系統性更新、資料的不一致性以及資料缺漏。本文擬以故宮器物數位典藏為例，首先反思故宮器物詮釋資料標準與內容規劃的歷程，其次說明故宮詮釋資料建置的歷史，透過文獻回顧與分析，探討博物館詮釋資料建置與開放的品質議題，最後提出改善詮釋資料品質的建議。

In response to the government's Open Data policy and the post-pandemic era, museums have provided more online information on their collections, including metadata and digital images. From 2002 to 2012, the department of antiquities in the National Palace Museum (NPM) participated in the National Digital Archives Program (NDAP), formulating the metadata specification of antiquities. Meanwhile, many antiquities' metadata that has been constructed by the founding comes from the NDAP. After the completion of the NDAP, we continued to increase metadata. At the same time, following the government's Open Data policy, lots of antiquities metadata have been put online for free. It makes the issue of metadata quality gradually come to light. Three major topics were discovered through the induction and analysis of the antiquities' metadata: data fields lack updating regularly, data inconsistency, and data deficiencies. This article intends to take the digital archive of antiquities in the NPM as an example. Firstly, the history of metadata standards and content planning of the antiquities has been rethought. Secondly, it explains the history of metadata construction in the NPM. And through literature review and analysis, it explores the quality issues of the construction and open data of the museum's metadata. Finally, suggestions are made to improve the metadata's quality.