環境民事公益訴訟的司法執行功能及其實現

環境民事公益訴訟是我國環境法制的一大創新。從我國環境民事公益訴訟的設計及其實踐看，其發揮了環境行政司法執行的功能，如此方可合理解釋環境民事公益訴訟案件對行為違法性和環境行政的強調，有效協調環境民事公益訴訟與生態環境損害賠償訴訟的關系。環境民事公益訴訟使法院一定程度上參與環境行政執法，在我國大力推行環境司法專門化的時代背景下，法院有資源和能力處理涉案環境事務，不會替代傳統的環境行政執法機構。為了有效發揮環境民事公益訴訟的司法執行功能，應當適度擴張而不是嚴格限制環境保護非政府組織的範圍。在尊重環境行政機構執法自由裁量權的原則下，環境民事公益訴訟與環境行政執法應有效銜接，通過行政答覆制度或訴前通知等待制度來強化環境行政參與是可選方案。

Environmental public interest civil litigation is a major institutional innovation in China̓’s environmental legal system. From the design of China’s environmental public interest civil litigation and its practice, it has the judicial executive function of environmental administrative law by making up for the lack of environmental administrative law enforcement. In this way, the judicial practice of environmental public interest civil litigation can reasonably explain the emphasis on behavioral illegality and environmental administration, and effectively coordinate the conflicts between environmental civil public interest litigation and ecological environmental damage compensation litigation. Environmental public interest civil litigation enables the courts to participate in environmental administrative law enforcement to a certain extent. In the context of China’s vigorous efforts to specialize in environmental justice, courts have the resources and ability to deal with environmental affairs involved in environmental civil public interest litigation, and will not replace traditional environmental administrative law enforcement agencies. In order to effectively play the judicial executive function, the scope of environmental protection non-governmental organizations should be appropriately expanded rather than strictly restricted. Under the circumstance of respecting the discretion of environmental administrative agencies in law enforcement, environmental public interest civil litigation and environmental administrative law enforcement should be effectively connected. It might be necessary to strengthen environmental administrative participation through the administrative response system or the pre-litigation notice mechanism.