環境法典基石概念探究從資源、環境、生態概念的變遷切入

“資源”“環境”“生態”作為自然的三種指稱，內涵、外延均發生著從狹義到廣義的變遷，彼此關係從涇渭分明到交叉重疊，呈以生態為中心的“一體三面”狀。與此情形類似，分別以這三大概念為基石的“環境（保護）法”“（自然）資源法”和“生態（保護）法”也從分別指涉“污染防治”“資源利用和保存”“生態區域保護”的三類立法，向著以生態系統管理為基礎的綜合性立法轉變，從而構成現代“大環保”立法的“一體三面”。就現實國情看，中國環境法典應以“生態環境”為基石概念，對其作出具有實踐指向、體現生態視角的立法界定，並以之為基礎命名法典及總則相關章節，構建基本制度體系。單一的“資源”“環境”和“生態”概念可用於具體制度構建，形成分工協同的三大分編，並作相應改造，依不同策略運用。

‘Resource’,’environment’and ‘ecology’, as the three terms of nature, have changed from narrow to broad meanings, and their relationship from distinct to overlapping. The relationship between them has changed from free- standing to overlapping, in the form of’three sides of one’with ecology as the center. Similarly,’environmental(protection) law’,’(natural) resources law’,and’ecological (protection) law’,based on these three concepts, have also changed from referring to’pollution prevention’ and’pollution control’and’ecological (protection) law’respectively.’Pollution prevention and control’,’resource utilization and conservation’,and’eco-regional protection’,to a comprehensive legislation based on ecosystem management, constitude the modern’big environmental protection’legislation of the’ one and three sides’.In terms of the reality of the national situation, China̓’s environmental code should take’ecological environment’as the cornerstone concept, making a legislative definition with a practical point of view that reflects the ecological perspective, and use it as the basis for naming the code and the relevant chapters of the General Provisions to build the basic system. The individual concepts such as’resources’and’environment’.The single concepts of’resources’,’environment’and’ecology’ can be used for the construction of specific systems, forming three major subdivisions with both divisions of labor and synergy. But they must be modified accordingly and applied according to different strategies.