論我國刑法分則中的組織行為

作為組織型犯罪構成要件之核心的不法行為類型，我國刑法分則中的組織行為具有超越總則規定的特殊意義。以德日為代表的大陸法系國家刑法基於行為支配理論將組織行為納入總則的共同犯罪體系，從而實現“組織行為的正犯行為化”，最終形成了刑法打擊組織行為的基本路徑。而在我國，“組織犯+組織行為分則化”是我國刑法打擊組織行為的基本路徑，並呈現出組織行為分則化的擴張傾向。我國刑法的路徑選擇是建立在充分評價組織行為的危害性與危險性基礎上，既有利於貫徹罪刑法定主義、實現刑法保護功能，也體現了制度設計的歷史傳承性。由於分則條款對組織行為採取的是單一用語下層級化罪狀描述模式，應當從邏輯、常識與體系三個維度，圍繞其核心涵義實現對個罪中組織行為的個別化解釋。

The organizational behavior in the specific provisions of China’s criminal law is the type of illegal behavior as the core of the constitutive elements of organized crime stipulated in the specific provisions, which has a special significance beyond the provisions of the general provisions. The criminal laws of Germany and Japan, as the representatives of the countries of the continental law system, is based on the theory of behavior domination and incorporates organizational behavior into the joint criminal system of the general provisions of criminal law, in order to regard organizational behavior as a principal offense, ultimately forming the basic path for criminal law to combat organizational behavior. In China,’organizational crime plus defining organizational behavior as a crime in the specific provisions of criminal law’ is a unique path for the criminal law to combat organizational behavior, and shows the tendency to expand the number of organizational behavior as a crime in the specific provisions of criminal law. Such a path choice by China’s criminal law is based on the full evaluation of the harmfulness and danger of organizational behavior, which is not only conducive to the implementation of the principle of legality and the realization of the protection function of criminal law, but also reflects the historical inheritance of the system design. Since the specific provisions of the Criminal Law adopt a single term to describe the low-level criminal behavior, the individual interpretation of the organizational behavior in individual crimes should be realized from the three dimensions of logic, common sense and system around its core meaning.