中國“執行難”應對模式的實證研究基於區域經驗的分析

中國民事執行的主要問題，可謂“又多又難”。以某都會區法院為樣本的實證研究顯示，我國民事執行特別是基層執行有著獨特的中國特色，包括案件長期增長、以本院判決書為主、合同糾紛為主、自然人系主要被執行人、金錢標的為主。法院系統近年來不斷探索完善執行模式：大幅增加投入資源、推進執行組織機制改革並調整相應的權力構造、構建資訊化的執行體系、強化執行懲戒措施和打造規範、公正、有效的執行管理體系等。具有中國特色的成熟、成功的民事執行模式已經初步形成，並體現在《中華人民共和國民事強制執行法（草案）》中。鑒於執行案件數量仍可能居高不下甚至上升，應在反思既有改革的基礎上，進一步打造體現國家治理現代化的執行模式：構建長期、穩定與充足的人財物配備制度，增強執行強制力，完善執行組織和執行權內部權力構造，持續推進執行資訊化，探索公正與效率兼顧的執行管理體系，改進審執銜接工作，重視源頭治理。

The main problems of China’s civil enforcement can be described as’many and difficult’. An empirical study shows that civil enforcement, especially the grass-roots enforcement has unique Chinese characteristics, including the long-term growth of cases, main cases from judgments of the own court, contract disputes as the most frequent type, natural persons as main executees, and monetary objects as main object of execution. In recent years, the court system has continued to explore and improve enforcement mode: substantially increase input of resources, promote organization mechanism, and adjust the corresponding power structure, build an information-based system, strengthen disciplinary measures, and create a standardized, fair, and effective management system, etc. A mature and successful civil enforcement mode has initially taken shape and been reflected in the draft Civil Enforcement Law of the People’s Republic of China. Given that the number of cases still remains high or even increase, we should, based on existing reforms, further build a mode that reflects the modernization of national governance: establish along-term, stable and sufficient personnel, financial, and material allocation system, strengthen enforcement force, improve organization and internal power structure, continue to promote informatization, explore a management system that takes both fairness and efficiency into consideration, improve connection between trial and enforcement, and attach importance to source governance.