侵權法的希爾伯特問題

侵權法的根本任務在於協調權益保護與行為自由之間的關係，由此產生了一些重大疑難問題。對這些問題的研究有助於正確地闡釋與適用《民法典》侵權法律規範，構建中國侵權法的理論體系與話語體系。這些侵權法中的“希爾伯特問題”包括：民事權益的區分保護應當通過何種路徑加以實現？是否有必要區分兩個層次因果關係及各自的判斷標準是什麼？侵權法應當如何保護純粹經濟損失？違法性要件是否具有獨立存在的必要？如何確定違反保護性規範產生的侵權責任？安全保障義務的適用範圍能否擴張至網路空間？共同加害行為的主觀要件如何及其與多數人侵權責任體系構建的關係為何？

The fundamental task of tort law is to keep balance between the protection of rights and interests and freedom of conduct. It has given rise to some major and difficult problems. The research of these problems is conducive to the correct interpretation and application of the tort legal norms of the China Civil Code, and the construction of the theoretical system and discourse system of China tort law. The Hilbert’s Problems of China’ s tort law include: How to achieve the differentiated protection of civil rights and interests? Is it necessary to distinguish between the two levels of causation and what are their respective criteria for judging? How should tort law protect pure economic loss? Does the element of illegality have a free-standing existence? How to determine tort liability arising from violation of protective norms? Should the application of security obligations extend to cyberspace? What are the subjective elements of the joint harm act, and what is its relationship to the construction of the tort liability system for the majority?