以國際政治經濟批判理論分析歐洲民粹政治發展

Analyzing the European Populism in the context of IPE Critical Theory

本研究以新葛蘭西學派的國際政治經濟（International Political Economy，IPE）觀點，將民粹政治現象置於全球政治經濟架構，分析其形成與變化的動態原因，並聚焦於21世紀世界政治經濟秩序的轉變與歐盟國家公民社會之相互辯證關係。首先將簡短回顧新葛蘭西學派（Neo-Gramsci School）對於民粹政治的政治經濟分析，闡明民粹政治在社會結構的變動原因；第二部分將回顧近三十年歐洲整合與全球新自由主義之關係，並以2008年華爾街金融風暴為全球化秩序的分水嶺，說明全球化之世界秩序的重組結構，以國際政治經濟批判學派之觀點分析全球政治經濟結構變化與民粹政治關係；第三部分將分析在該世界秩序移轉下，歐盟近年的治理危機及各國民粹政治興起，反映於主權債務危機、英國脫歐及移民危機等內部失序，並引用Polanyi的雙重活動概念於民粹政治與全球秩序的政治經濟下的實質連結模式為分析；第四部分為結論，將就批判學派社會關係辨證論點理念，分析對歐洲民粹對於歐盟整合與全球政治經濟秩序的可能發展。

This research will take perspectives of New Gramscian school in International Political Economy to examine the European Populism under the context of global political economy order by analyzing the dynamic elements regarding the transformation of social forces integration. Firstly, this research will briefly review the relationship between the populism and political economy to interpret the on-going restructure of civil society. In the second part, this research will use the critical theory to review the hegemonic order crisis and then the disorder around the western democracies. Thirdly, this research will state the world order transformation leading to a governance crisis which reflect on the result of rising populism around European states. In conclusion, this paper will demonstrate the three key configurations, including global idea, material capability in production mode and institutional activities, to analyze the possible developments in European populism which is sort of response and driving forces to reshape the transforming global political economy order.