長照機構地板抗滑性與照服員跌倒經驗調查

The Investigation on Floor Slip-Resistance and the Falling Experience of Nursing Attendants at Long-term Care Institutions

隨著高齡化社會的來臨，不僅居住於長期照護機構的老年人口比例逐年增加，對於照服人員的需求也逐漸增加。滑倒及跌倒的事故是許多場所及職業傷害最常發生的意外事故之一。許多研究指出調查工作職場的地板抗滑性，可以用來改善及避免滑倒事故的發生。其中，量測工作場所的地板摩擦係數則是相對直接的方法之一。因此，本研究利用Brungraber Mark II摩擦係數量測器針對國內六家長照機構進行地板摩係數調查，以了解長照機構之地板抗滑性。研究結果發現，在長照機構工作環境中，乾燥的房間、走道地板具抗滑性，發生滑、跌倒的機率較低。在水或是清潔劑汙染情況下，當鞋底磨損時，地板抗滑性偏低，容易造成滑倒，故應避免地板上有水或液體殘留在地板上。另外，經調查六家長照機構115位照服人員之滑跌倒經驗得知，有46％的照服人員有滑溜但未跌倒的經驗，只有2％的照服人員發生滑溜並跌倒；而曾目睹他人滑溜但未跌倒或滑溜並跌倒經驗者分別為12％及11％。在有滑溜但未跌倒或滑溜並跌倒的照服人員認知中，主要發生的原因大都是因為地板有水或清潔劑等情形，根據本研究針對六家長照機構的調查結果顯示，當地板上有水或清潔劑時接近81％個組合之地板抗滑性都是屬於滑倒機率較高的區域（亦即摩擦係數小於ANSI／NFSI B101.1：2020建議的0.4）。因此，保持地板乾燥對於避免照服人員發生滑倒及跌倒事故是有幫助的。

With the advent of an aging society, not only the population of the elderly living in long-term care institutions is increasing year by year, but the demand for nursing attendants is also increasing. Slip and fall incidents are one of the most common accidents that happen in many places and cause serious occupational injuries. The study investigated the coefficient of friction of floors at 6 different long-term care institutions by Brungraber Mark II to understand the slip resistance of floors. The results demonstrated that the dry floors of rooms and hallways are not slippery and the risks of falling are low inside the working environment. When the floor is contaminated by water or detergent and the shoe soles are worn, the floor has low slip resistance, which is easy to cause slips. Therefore, any water or liquid should be avoided to remain on the floors. On the other hand, the study interviewed 115 nursing attendants who worked at those institutions. According to their experiences, there are 46% of attendants have the experiences of slipping, and only 2% of them have the experiences of falling. There are 12% and 11% of attendants have watched others slipping or falling respectively. The attendants who have experienced slipping or falling believe that the wet floor is the reason causing them slip/fall. According to the coefficients of friction collected from these 6 long-term care institutions, the slip-resistance will be lower when the floor covered with water or detergent. Therefore, keeping the floor dry will be helpful to prevent the incidents of slipping/falling.