智能科技應用於耐力運動訓練之探討

The application of smart training technology in endurance sports: A literature review

因應耐力型運動蓬勃發展及市民運動員自我訓練風潮的崛起，穿戴式裝置智能化的創新，搭配智慧型手機應用程式，成為運動員即時進行訓練監控的重要工具，而使用率的普及化與健身科技市場的成長率，隨之大幅增長。近年全球疫情期間，居家型智能訓練設備結合虛擬訓練平臺不僅提供訓練樂趣及持續動機，亦確保運動訓練的效益，而休閒運動者、業餘及專業運動員更有投入使用教練模式之趨勢。其中採用系統方法（systems-based approach）管理訓練數據、真人教練之遠距監督及虛擬教練系統，在預防傷害和提高訓練有效性上備受矚目。本研究蒐集2010至2021年間有關長跑及鐵人三項之耐力型運動、穿戴式裝置、智能訓練及物聯網（internet of things, IoT）等科技應用與研究趨勢的學術論著，應用文獻分析法，分別就監測訓練負荷之方式、系統方法之數據管理、混合實境運動平臺之智能科技應用之研究現況進行探討，解析論述趨勢並提出對未來研究的建議，期能提供耐力型運動訓練需求者瞭解智能化科研及應用趨勢，作為全方位訓練智能化策略規劃應用的參考。

This review is presenting scientific evidence regarding endurance sports technology that provides smart training and athlete management used by athletes and coaches. Multiple publications from 2010 to 2021 were reviewed using these keywords: training load, smart training, endurance performance, virtual coaching, excess postexercise oxygen consumption, HRV, sleep, monitoring, swimming, triathlon. The results of document analysis show smart technology is effective for managing athletes with a systems-based approach, quality in training, injury prevention, performance enhancement, better coaching and athlete performance. On the basis of these findings, we suggest directions for future development.