憲法社會權性質的教義學探析

社會權的主要作用是通過國家積極介入去調節個人難以改變的既存差异，保障機會平等，進而促進社會公正。憲法社會權的“權”應理解為密切的權利關聯性，但並非實質上的基本權利。憲法社會權條款僅具有客觀法性質，課以國家積極作為的義務，但并不對應個人的主觀請求權，應被理解為國家任務。雖然社會權與給付義務功能都強調社會法治國理念下的國家積極作為義務，但二者在再主觀化的條件、適用物件、實現程度等方面均存在顯著差异，本質作用并不相同，社會權無法取代給付義務成為基本權利功能。

The main role of social rights is to adjust the existing differences that are difficult to change among individuals through the active intervention of the state, to ensure equal opportunities, and to promote social justice. The“right”of constitutional social rights should be understood through its close relationship to rights, but not as an actual fundamental right. The social rights clause of the constitution only has the nature of objective law and imposes the obligation of the state to act positively, but it does not correspond to the subjective right of the individual, and should be understood as a state task. Although the functions of social rights and payment obligations both emphasize that the state actively acts as an obligation under the concept of social rule of law, there are significant differences between the two in terms of re-subjectivization conditions, applicable objects and degree of realization, and their essential functions are not the same. Constitutional social rights cannot replace the payment obligation as a function of fundamental rights.